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目的了解水泥作业工人的肺通气功能情况,探讨接触水泥粉尘对作业者大气道及小气道通气功能的不同影响。方法设立观察组(生料组和熟料组)与对照组,测定反映肺通气功能的各项指标(VC、FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、PEFR、V50、V25),并对接尘组与对照组肺功能进行比较,同时测定历年来作业场所空气中粉尘浓度。结果FEV1、PEFR、V50生料组比对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PEFR、V50熟料组比对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而生料组与熟料组之间肺功能各项指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);接尘组的小气道功能指标中V50/H、PEFR、V50/V25、比对照组均有明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),V25/H差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);接尘工人中肺功能改变随工龄增长而明显,其中V50、FEV1出现异常时间较早,大约5年~7年,而PEFR改变则稍晚些,大约11年~13年。结论接触水泥粉尘可对作业者的肺功能产生影响,且随作业工龄的增长而增强,尤其对小气道影响明显。
Objective To understand the pulmonary ventilation function of cement workers and to explore the different effects of cement dust exposure on the airway and small airway ventilation of operators. Methods The indexes (VC, FVC, FEV1, FEV1 / FVC, PEFR, V50, V25) reflecting the pulmonary ventilation function were set up in the observation group (raw material group and clinker group) and the control group. Group lung function comparison, while measuring the workplace over the years the concentration of dust in the air. Results The FEV1, PEFR and V50 groups were lower than those of the control group (P <0.05). The PEFR and V50 clinker groups were lower than the control group (P <0.05) There was no significant difference in the indexes of lung function between clotting and clinker groups (P> 0.05). V50 / H, PEFR and V50 / V25 of small airway function index in dust exposure group were significantly lower than those in control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in V25 / H between the two groups (P> 0.05). The changes of lung function in workers exposed to dust were obvious with the increase of seniority, and the abnormalities of V50 and FEV1 occurred earlier 5 years to 7 years, while PEFR changes later, about 11 years to 13 years. Conclusions Exposure to cement dust can have an impact on the lung function of workers and increase with the increase of working age, especially for small airways.