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目的了解近三年中山市家具企业喷漆车间空气中部分有机溶剂的浓度水平并分析其浓度变化情况,为职业卫生的监督管理、职业病防治提供参考依据。方法选取82家家具企业喷漆车间空气中有机溶剂浓度的监测结果,用Excel-2003录入并整理数据建立数据库,并用SPSS13.0软件运用χ2方法检验、秩和检验对三年中各有机溶剂采样点浓度的超标率和检测浓度的分布进行数据分析。结果三年中乙酸乙酯超标率和浓度水平均呈逐年下降趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二甲苯、甲苯三年的浓度水平呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。1,2-二氯乙烷、苯三年的浓度水平有差别,以2011年的最高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。1,2-二氯乙烷、苯、二甲苯、甲苯等三年的超标率无差别,正己烷三年的浓度水平无差别。三年中以甲苯超标率最高,苯的超标倍数最高。结论2010-2012年中山市82家家具企业喷漆车间空气中有机溶剂浓度总体上处于较低水平,但部分采样点浓度较高。职业卫生监管部门仍应加大监管及执法力度,加强对超标企业的有效监督及监测频率,降低有害物质超标率。
Objective To understand the concentrations of some organic solvents in the air of furniture factories in Zhongshan City in the past three years and analyze the changes of their concentrations so as to provide reference for the supervision and management of occupational health and the prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods The monitoring results of airborne organic solvent concentrations in 82 furniture enterprises were collected. Data were collected and sorted by Excel-2003. The data were analyzed by χ2 method using SPSS13.0 software. Concentration of over-standard rate and detection of the concentration distribution for data analysis. Results Over the three years, the excess and the concentration of ethyl acetate showed a trend of declining year by year, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The three-year concentrations of xylene and toluene showed a decreasing trend with a significant difference (P <0.05). The levels of 1,2-dichloroethane and benzene in three years were different, the highest in 2011, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene, xylene, toluene and other three years of excessive rate of no difference, n-hexane three years no difference in concentration levels. Three years to exceed the highest rate of toluene, benzene exceeded the highest number of exceeded. Conclusion The concentrations of organic solvents in the air of 82 furniture enterprises in Zhongshan City from 2010 to 2012 are generally at a low level, but the concentrations of some sampling points are relatively high. Occupational health regulators should still step up their supervision and enforcement efforts, strengthen the frequency of effective supervision and monitoring of enterprises that exceed the standard, and reduce the rate of excessive substance-harmful substances.