X理论 英文Theory X的意译。系美国麦格雷戈对古典管理理论关于人的本性和人的行为的看法的一种概括。此理论的要点是：1．一般的人有一种好逸恶劳、尽可能逃避工作的特性。管理部门强调生产率和“一个公公正正的日工作量”对劳动成绩实行奖赏。2．因此，对大多数人必须进行强制、监督、指挥，并以惩罚来威胁，才能使他们付出足够的努力去完成组织的目标。3．一般的人缺少抱负，宁愿受人领导，不愿承担责任，尽力要求安全。 X Theory Translation of English Theory X. It is a generalization of American McGregor’s view of classical management theory about human nature and human behavior. The main points of this theory are: 1. The average person has the characteristics of being easy to use and avoiding work as much as possible. Management emphasizes productivity and “a fair and just daily workload” to reward labor performance. 2. Therefore, most people must be forced, supervised, commanded, and threatened with punishment so that they can make enough efforts to accomplish the goals of the organization. 3. The average person lacks ambition and prefers to be led by others. He does not want to take responsibility and does his best to demand safety.