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农户分析方法是农业经济问题研究的基本方法。参照微观分析中厂商和消费者理论,农户在利润最大化处进行生产,并在约束条件下做出效用最大化选择达到经济均衡。完全竞争市场下的农户作为价格接受者,在外生工资下达到经济均衡,但在非完备市场下,农户以市场的非完备条件为约束进行最优经济选择,均衡工资内生决定。本文在对完全竞争市场下农户均衡进行分析的基础上,对非农就业机会有限及农业生产劳动力不足两种非完备市场情况进行了研究。结果表明,确定市场条件是应用农户模型进行分析的关键前提,否则将得出错误结论,甚至达到相反的政策效果。
Farmer analysis method is the basic method of agricultural economic research. With reference to the theory of manufacturers and consumers in the micro-analysis, farmers produce at profit maximization and make the maximization of utility under the constraint to achieve economic equilibrium. Farmers in a perfectly competitive market, as price recipients, achieve economic equilibrium under exogenous wages. However, in an imperfect market, peasant households make the optimal economic choice under the constraints of the market, and the equilibrium wage endogenous decision. Based on the analysis of peasant households’ equilibrium in a perfectly competitive market, this paper studies the situation of non-agricultural employment with limited opportunities and the shortage of agricultural production in two kinds of incomplete markets. The results show that determining the market conditions is the key prerequisite for applying the model of farmer households. Otherwise, it will lead to wrong conclusions and even opposite policy effects.