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目的研究硒、锗联合作用对氟中毒大鼠肾脏的影响。方法将50只健康初断乳清洁级SD大鼠按体重随机分为对照组、氟染毒组、氟+硒染毒组、氟+锗染毒组、氟+硒+锗染毒组,每组10只,雌、雄各半。除对照组可自由饮用蒸馏水外,其余各组大鼠均可自由饮用100mg/L的NaF溶液。氟+硒染毒组、氟+锗染毒组、氟+硒+锗染毒组分别采用20mg/L的Na2SeO3溶液、2000mg/L的Ge-132溶液、20mg/L的Na2SeO3和2000mg/L的Ge-132溶液,按5ml/kg灌胃染毒,共饲养90d。每周称体重1次,并注意观察大鼠的活动、饮食和一般状况。染毒结束后,取出肾脏,称重,并计算其脏器系数。测定大鼠肾组织中的丙二醛(MDA)的含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力。并在光镜下观察肾脏的病理损伤。结果对照组大鼠活动正常,皮毛光亮;氟染毒组大鼠活动减少,皮毛不舒展,有脱毛现象;其余各组体重增长情况介于对照组、氟染毒组之间。染毒前、后各组大鼠体重间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与氟染毒组比较,对照组、氟+硒染毒组、氟+锗染毒组、氟+硒+锗染毒组大鼠肾脏系数均较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。氟+锗染毒组大鼠肾脏系数低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与氟染毒组比较,对照组、氟+硒染毒组、氟+锗染毒组、氟+硒+锗染毒组大鼠肾脏中SOD和GSH-Px活力均较高,MDA含量均较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。对照组、氟+硒染毒组、氟+锗染毒组大鼠肾脏中SOD和GSH-Px活力均低于氟+硒+锗染毒组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。氟染毒组大鼠肾脏表面较灰暗、光泽较差,肾近曲小管广泛出现明显的混浊肿胀和空泡变性,局部出现坏死崩解现象;氟+硒染毒组、氟+硒+锗染毒组和氟+锗染毒组大鼠肾近曲小管混浊肿胀和空泡变性等病变明显减轻,未见坏死崩解细胞。结论硒、锗联合染毒对氟致大鼠肾组织中的脂质过氧化反应有拮抗作用,其拮抗作用强度依次为Na2SeO3和Ge-132>Na2SeO3>Ge-132。
Objective To study the combined effect of selenium and germanium on the kidney of fluorosis in rats. Methods Fifty healthy primary weanling clean SD rats were randomly divided into control group, fluorosis group, fluoride + selenium group, fluoride + germanium group, fluoride + selenium + germanium group, Group of 10, female and male half. In addition to the control group were free to drink distilled water, the rest of the rats were free to drink 100mg / L of NaF solution. Fluorine + germanium and fluoride + selenium + germanium were respectively treated with 20mg / L Na2SeO3 solution, 2000mg / L Ge-132 solution, 20mg / L Na2SeO3 and 2000mg / L Ge-132 solution, according to 5ml / kg gavage, a total of feeding 90d. Weekly weighed 1 time, and observe the rat activity, diet and general condition. After the exposure, the kidneys were removed, weighed, and their organ coefficients calculated. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rat kidney were measured. The pathological changes of the kidneys were observed under light microscope. Results The rats in the control group had normal activities and bright fur. The activities of the rats in the fluorosis group were decreased, the fur was not stretched and there was a hair removal phenomenon. The weight gain of the rest groups was between that of the control group and the fluorine-exposed group. There was no significant difference in body weight between before and after exposure (P> 0.05). Compared with the fluorosis group, the renal coefficient of the control group, fluoride + selenium group, fluoride + germanium group, fluoride + selenium + germanium group rats were higher, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05 Or P <0.01). Fluorine + germanium poisoning rats kidney coefficient lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Compared with the fluorosis group, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in the control group, fluoride + selenium group, fluoride + germanium group, fluoride + selenium + germanium group were higher than those in the fluoride group Low, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The activities of SOD and GSH-Px in control group, fluoride + selenium group and fluoride + germanium group were lower than those in fluoride + selenium + germanium group (P <0.05). The surface of the kidney in the fluorine-exposed group was darker with less gloss, and the turbinate swelling and vacuolar degeneration were obvious in the proximal tubules of the kidney, and necrosis was localized in the fluoride-selenium group. The fluorine + selenium + germanium dye Toxicity and fluoride + germanium treatment of renal proximal tubule swelling and vacuolar degeneration and other lesions significantly reduced, no necrotic disintegration cells. Conclusion The combination of selenium and germanium has an antagonistic effect on the lipid peroxidation in rat renal tissue induced by fluoride, and the antagonistic activities are Na2SeO3 and Ge-132> Na2SeO3> Ge-132.