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本文利用文獻、方言兩方面的資料,嘗試説明:(1)晚明以來“能”字在吴語中呈現出語法功能的變化:程度指示詞→框式結構後置詞→指示詞後綴→副詞後綴。(2)“能”在現代吴語中已經很少具備多樣的用法。與早期吴語相比,個别較爲保守的現代方言(如温州話)中的指示詞“能”在語法功能上還有若干創新表現。(3)從中古以前的漢語史資料來看,“能”字出現的年代也許可以追溯至漢魏六朝,但用例不多,語法功能也不容易説定。另外從所在文獻的地域來看,具有比較明顯的南方色彩。
In this paper, we use the data of literature and dialect to try to explain: (1) The change of grammatical function in “Wu” since the late Ming dynasty: degree indicator → postpositional suffix → suffix of suffix → adverb suffix . (2) “can ” in modern Wu language rarely have a variety of usage. Compared with the early Wu dialects, the indicator “can ” in some relatively conservative modern dialects (such as Wenzhou dialect) still has some innovative features in grammatical function. (3) From the data of Chinese history before Middle Ages, the appearance of “can” may be traced back to Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. However, there are not many use cases and grammatical functions are not easy to say. In addition, from the geographical area of the literature, with a more obvious southern color.