目的　研究儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)染色体变化 ,探讨其临床意义。方法　通过直接法或短期培养法对 4 0例ALL患儿骨髓细胞进行染色体分析并观察临床疗效。结果　 4 0例ALL患儿染色体异常检出率 70 % (2 8/4 0 ) ,其中数目异常 5 0 % ,结构异常 35 .7% ,数目合并结构异常 14 .3% ,核型正常组及超二倍体组患儿缓解率高于亚二倍体组及假二倍体组 ,具有显著统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,亚二倍体及t(9;2 2 )核型为预后不良因素。结论　染色体分析对儿童ALL预后及治疗具有指导意义 Objective To study the chromosomal changes of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to explore its clinical significance. Methods The chromosomal analysis of 40 myeloma cells in children with ALL was conducted by direct method or short-term culture method and the clinical effect was observed. Results The detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities in 40 ALL children was 70% (28/40), of which 50% were abnormal, 35.7% were abnormal, and 14.3% were abnormal in normal controls The response rate of hyperdiploid group was higher than that of sub-diploid group and pseudo-diploid group (P <0.01), sub-diploid and t (9; 2 2) Type for the prognosis of adverse factors. Conclusion Chromosome analysis is helpful for the prognosis and treatment of children with ALL