一、前言柴油机的故障经常引起航海事故。据统计,其中由柴油机维护不良所引起者占61%,材料磨损占24%,材料内部结构的缺陷占14%,其他占1%。由此可知,设计上的原因占14%。因为材料选用不当应视为设计上的不合理。事故发生的原因最重要的不外乎违反柴油机运用的要求,组装上错误和使用燃料及润滑油不合理等;而基本上由于结构强度方面的问题而引起的事故却不多。 I. INTRODUCTION Diesel malfunctions often cause sailing accidents. According to statistics, among them, 61% are caused by poor maintenance of diesel engines, 24% are material abrasion, 14% are defects of internal structure of materials, others account for 1%. This shows that the design of the reasons accounted for 14%. Because improper selection of materials should be regarded as unreasonable design. The most important cause of the accident is nothing more than a violation of diesel engine requirements, assembly errors, improper use of fuel and lubricants, and so on. Basically, there are not many accidents caused by structural strength problems.