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目的通过不同时期母乳、母亲及婴儿全血铁、锌、钙含量特点分析,评价哺乳期母乳及母婴矿物质含量变化特点。方法随机选取产后6周及3月龄母亲及婴儿各50对,采用火焰原子吸收法检测母乳中及同期母亲、婴儿全血中铁、锌、钙离子水平,比较不同时期各矿物质水平差异,并分析母乳、母亲以及婴儿之间的相关关系。结果母乳中铁、锌的水平随哺乳时间延长而下降(铁0.102mg/100g vs0.0605mg/100g,P<0.05;锌0.257mg/100g vs 0.171mg/100g,P<0.05)。婴儿血中铁离子水平随月龄增长而下降(392.45mg/L vs 356.80mg/L,P<0.05),母乳中铁、锌、钙离子水平与母亲血中相应元素水平均无相关关系;婴儿血中铁、锌、钙与母亲血中相应元素成正相关关系(r=0.591、0.362和0.435,P=0.000、0.013和0.001)。结论乳腺内的矿物质转运与母亲本身的营养状况并无明显相关。随着哺乳期的延长,母乳中铁离子下降可能是母乳喂养婴儿生理性贫血多发的原因之一。母亲孕期矿物质的水平可能影响生后早期婴儿相应的矿物质水平。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of iron, zinc and calcium contents in whole blood of breast milk, mothers and infants in different periods to evaluate the changes of breast milk and maternal and infant milk contents. Methods Fifty pairs of mothers and infants were randomly selected at 6 weeks and 3 months postpartum. The levels of iron, zinc and calcium in whole milk of mothers and their infants during the same period were detected by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The differences of mineral levels in different periods were compared. Analyze the relationship between breastfeeding, mother and infant. Results The levels of iron and zinc in breast milk decreased with prolonged lactation (0.102 mg / 100 g vs 0.0605 mg / 100 g iron, P <0.05; zinc 0.257 mg / 100 g vs 0.171 mg / 100 g, P <0.05). Iron levels in infants decreased with age (392.45 mg / L vs 356.80 mg / L, P <0.05). Iron, zinc and calcium levels in breast milk did not correlate with the levels of corresponding elements in maternal blood (R = 0.591, 0.362 and 0.435, P = 0.000, 0.013 and 0.001). Conclusion There is no significant correlation between intramuscular mineral transport and the nutritional status of the mother itself. With the extension of lactation, decreased iron in breast milk may be one of the causes of breast-fed infants with physiological anemia. The level of minerals in the mother’s pregnancy may affect the corresponding level of minerals in infants during the first trimester.