需求滚动评估与弥补风场观测短板的风神卫星

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研究瞬息万变的大气,并对其进行有效的预报、预测,离不开对初始状态信息的掌握,这需要通过对相关气象要素尽可能完整、准确的观测来实现.近两百年来,伴随着科技进步,人类不断探索实现对全球海、陆、空、天立体大气多种要素的观测方法,取得了巨大进步.面对不断增多的海量气象数据,气象学家一方面需要对数据的质量和应用方法进行严格把控,另一方面还要对如何使这些诸多类型的资料满足各种不同需求进行具体分析,包括哪些领域的需求已得到基本满足,哪些环节仍存在基本观测数据的缺失,从而影响到对实况的掌握和预报准确性.针对需求满足程度的检验和评估对合理设计和发展探测系统具有重要的引导作用,也是对数据应用能力的有效检验.本文对世界气象组织(WMO)建立的需求滚动评估系统整体情况做了概要说明,并结合对全球高空测风资料短缺的评估结果,进一步对欧空局发展卫星激光测风系统的过程及成效做了具体介绍.
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