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摘 要:在一次偶然的学习探讨中笔者将it的用法归纳如下,以便初学者参考并逐步学会小结性学习的方法,有助于达到初学者逐步学会总结其它英语语法的目的。
关键词:it的用法;特殊句型;思考
本文系甘肃省定西市安定区课题《高效课堂模式的策略研究》的部分成果。
一、it在强调句型中的小结
高中英语语法中it的用法在强调句型中灵活运用。It在强调句型中起到强调的作用,强调句型强调的是除谓语以外的所用成份,如主语、宾语、表语、状语等,it的基本句型形式是“it is/was+that/who/which(在美国英语中用)…”如果修饰人用who/that;如果修饰物用that。但是中学生很难理解强调句中强调的意思,例如句子:你在一次晚会上是第一次见到她的=You first saw her at an evening party. 转化成强调句型后:
(一)It was you saw her that at an evening party.(强调主语)
(二)It was her whom you meet at an evening party.(强调宾语)
(三)It was at an evening party that you first saw her.(强调状语)
(四)强调句型的一般疑问句只是将称述句中的is/was提前,如
Was it yesterday that I saw Tom in the street?
(五)若it is与介词连用表示是强调句,不与介词连用时句子为复合句。
Ⅰ,It was at 6o,clock that he got home.(强调句型);
Ⅱ,It was 6o,clock when he got home.(复合句型)
(六)强调句型的特殊疑问句是“疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子其它成分”。
Where was it that you saw Tom yesterday?
二、it在形式主语中的小结
在形式主语中,it主要有如下四种用法:
(一)It+pp(过去分词)+从句:
It is not known that…,…不得而知;It is not decided that…尚未决定;It is said that…,据说…;It is to be discussed that…,有待讨论;It has been proved that…以证明;It is believed that…,据认为;等。
(二)It+vi(不及物动词)+从句:
It turned out that…,结果…;It appears that看来…;
It happened that…,碰巧…;等。
(三) It+adj(形容词)+从句:
It is natural that…,很自然…;It is obvious that显而易见…;
It is fortunate that,幸运的是…;It is possible that,很可能;
It is unlikely that,不可能;It is strange that…,奇怪的是;等。
(四)It+n(名詞)+从句:
It is a pity that…遗憾的是…;It is a fact that事实上是…;
It is a wonder that真是个奇迹…;It is a shame that真是可耻;
It is unlikely that,不可能;It is strange that…,奇怪的是;等
三、it在形式宾语中的小结
It在形式宾语中的用法比较死板、固定,主要有以下几种用法:
(一)主语+feel/find/make/think等+it+补语+动词不定式/从句/ing形式,如:I find it difficult to talk to you.
(二)It用于I like/love/hate it when…,如:I love it when you sing.
(三) It+用于I take it that…,如:
I take it that you won,t be working tomonow.
(四)It用于would appreciate后,it做if的先行宾语,如:
I would appreciate it if you would keep me informed.
(五)在owe/leave it to somebody to句型中,如:
We owe it to society to make our country a better place.
四、it在其它句型中
除了上述几种句型外it还有以下几种用法:
(一)“it will(not) be+时间段+before从句”:表示过多久就会发生某事;否定句表示没过多久某人就干完某事,如:
It will be an hour before you see Mr Li.
(一)“it is +时间+since从句”:表示自从…以来有多长时间。
It is ten years since he came back.
(二)“it is up to sb to do”:表示该由某人做某事。
It is up to you to water these trees.
(三)“it is (high)time+从句”:表示该是某人做某事的时候了。
It is high time that he went to work.
(四)“it was+具体时间+when+从句”:表示当…时候了。
It was eleven o’clock sharp when the policemen arrived last night.
(五)“It is/was the first time+that从句”:表示某人首次…
It was the first time that I have visited West Lake.
(六)“it does not matter if/whether从句”:表示…没关系。
(七)“it makes no difference that从句”:表示…无区别。等
总之,高考英语语法的学习需要学生和教师在实践中不断总结,逐步积累,逐步提高,这样总结也有助于达到逐步提高成绩的目标,而对于其它语法的学习待笔者以后再做解释。
参考文献
[1]胡家浩.英语谚语句型[J],高等函授学报(哲学社会科学版),2000(1)
[2]左爱霞.It的用法归纳[J],中学英语之友(高三版),2008(4)
作者简介:马金凤(1976-),女,西寨初级英语教师,本科学历,主要从事:高中英语写作研究和城乡义务教育均衡研究基础教育工作。
关键词:it的用法;特殊句型;思考
本文系甘肃省定西市安定区课题《高效课堂模式的策略研究》的部分成果。
一、it在强调句型中的小结
高中英语语法中it的用法在强调句型中灵活运用。It在强调句型中起到强调的作用,强调句型强调的是除谓语以外的所用成份,如主语、宾语、表语、状语等,it的基本句型形式是“it is/was+that/who/which(在美国英语中用)…”如果修饰人用who/that;如果修饰物用that。但是中学生很难理解强调句中强调的意思,例如句子:你在一次晚会上是第一次见到她的=You first saw her at an evening party. 转化成强调句型后:
(一)It was you saw her that at an evening party.(强调主语)
(二)It was her whom you meet at an evening party.(强调宾语)
(三)It was at an evening party that you first saw her.(强调状语)
(四)强调句型的一般疑问句只是将称述句中的is/was提前,如
Was it yesterday that I saw Tom in the street?
(五)若it is与介词连用表示是强调句,不与介词连用时句子为复合句。
Ⅰ,It was at 6o,clock that he got home.(强调句型);
Ⅱ,It was 6o,clock when he got home.(复合句型)
(六)强调句型的特殊疑问句是“疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子其它成分”。
Where was it that you saw Tom yesterday?
二、it在形式主语中的小结
在形式主语中,it主要有如下四种用法:
(一)It+pp(过去分词)+从句:
It is not known that…,…不得而知;It is not decided that…尚未决定;It is said that…,据说…;It is to be discussed that…,有待讨论;It has been proved that…以证明;It is believed that…,据认为;等。
(二)It+vi(不及物动词)+从句:
It turned out that…,结果…;It appears that看来…;
It happened that…,碰巧…;等。
(三) It+adj(形容词)+从句:
It is natural that…,很自然…;It is obvious that显而易见…;
It is fortunate that,幸运的是…;It is possible that,很可能;
It is unlikely that,不可能;It is strange that…,奇怪的是;等。
(四)It+n(名詞)+从句:
It is a pity that…遗憾的是…;It is a fact that事实上是…;
It is a wonder that真是个奇迹…;It is a shame that真是可耻;
It is unlikely that,不可能;It is strange that…,奇怪的是;等
三、it在形式宾语中的小结
It在形式宾语中的用法比较死板、固定,主要有以下几种用法:
(一)主语+feel/find/make/think等+it+补语+动词不定式/从句/ing形式,如:I find it difficult to talk to you.
(二)It用于I like/love/hate it when…,如:I love it when you sing.
(三) It+用于I take it that…,如:
I take it that you won,t be working tomonow.
(四)It用于would appreciate后,it做if的先行宾语,如:
I would appreciate it if you would keep me informed.
(五)在owe/leave it to somebody to句型中,如:
We owe it to society to make our country a better place.
四、it在其它句型中
除了上述几种句型外it还有以下几种用法:
(一)“it will(not) be+时间段+before从句”:表示过多久就会发生某事;否定句表示没过多久某人就干完某事,如:
It will be an hour before you see Mr Li.
(一)“it is +时间+since从句”:表示自从…以来有多长时间。
It is ten years since he came back.
(二)“it is up to sb to do”:表示该由某人做某事。
It is up to you to water these trees.
(三)“it is (high)time+从句”:表示该是某人做某事的时候了。
It is high time that he went to work.
(四)“it was+具体时间+when+从句”:表示当…时候了。
It was eleven o’clock sharp when the policemen arrived last night.
(五)“It is/was the first time+that从句”:表示某人首次…
It was the first time that I have visited West Lake.
(六)“it does not matter if/whether从句”:表示…没关系。
(七)“it makes no difference that从句”:表示…无区别。等
总之,高考英语语法的学习需要学生和教师在实践中不断总结,逐步积累,逐步提高,这样总结也有助于达到逐步提高成绩的目标,而对于其它语法的学习待笔者以后再做解释。
参考文献
[1]胡家浩.英语谚语句型[J],高等函授学报(哲学社会科学版),2000(1)
[2]左爱霞.It的用法归纳[J],中学英语之友(高三版),2008(4)
作者简介:马金凤(1976-),女,西寨初级英语教师,本科学历,主要从事:高中英语写作研究和城乡义务教育均衡研究基础教育工作。