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人的需要与手段的矛盾是人的自我完善的内在动力。人的需要具有创造性、超越性、社会性和多样性的特质，正是基于上述特点，使人的需要与动物的“需要”从本质上区别开来。为了满足人的需要，人必须从事劳动，通过生产劳动满足人的需要并在此基础上形成新的需要。人的需要是多层次的，饥而食，渴而饮，冷而衣，是机体结构的本能需要，而人的才能与美德，无能与丑行，决不是机体结构的结果，而是环境教育的结果。人的自我完善的实现，取决于人的主体性因素（包括先天因素和后天因素）、客体性因素（包括社会环境、政治制度、科学文化、道德风貌和行为准则等）以及实践性因素。因此，必须用提高主体素质、优化客体环境和注重主体实践的方法来不断实现人的自我完善。首先，主体素质的提高要从幼儿抓起，要注重智力因素和非智力因素的培养；其次，客体环境的优化要从家庭、学校到社会全方位进行，营造一个以经济繁荣为基础、社会进步为目标、人的现代化为本位的客体环境；最后，主体实践能力的不断提高，人的创新能力和综合素质的培养，是人的全面发展和自我完善的最重要的途径和方法。
The contradiction between human needs and means is the intrinsic motivation of man’s self-improvement. It is based on these characteristics that people’s needs are characterized by their creativity, transcendence, sociality and diversity so as to make people’s needs distinct from the “needs” of animals. In order to meet the needs of human beings, one must engage in labor to meet the needs of human beings through productive labor and to create new needs on this basis. People’s needs are multi-level, hunger and food, thirst and drink, cold and clothing, is the body’s structural needs, and human talent and virtue, incompetence and ugliness, by no means the result of the structure of the body, but environmental education result. The realization of human self-improvement depends on the subjective factors (including the innate and acquired factors), the objective factors (including social environment, political system, scientific culture, ethics and codes of conduct) and practical factors. Therefore, we must continue to improve people’s self-improvement by improving the quality of the subject, optimizing the environment of the object and focusing on the practice of the subject. First of all, the improvement of the quality of the subject should start from young children, and pay attention to the cultivation of intellectual and non-intellectual factors. Secondly, the optimization of the objective environment should be conducted from the family and the school to the society in an all-round way so as to create a society that is based on economic prosperity and social progress As the target and the modernization of people as the objective environment. Finally, the continuous improvement of the practical ability of the subject, the innovation of human beings and the cultivation of overall quality are the most important ways and means for the all-round development and self-improvement of man.