论文部分内容阅读
一、天麻的形态和奇异的营养方式 天麻无根,无绿色叶片,地下球茎横生或斜立,呈椭圆形或纺锤形,肉质肥厚,表皮有较明显环节,节处着生膜质小鳞片,具不定芽芽眼。重量从几毫克至几百克,大的称箭麻,小的是米麻、白麻。 天麻不通过光合作用,靠寄生体内的密环菌丝供给营养,与密环菌形成寄生关系。当天麻长势减弱或开花后,密环菌反客为主进行反消化,使天麻仅剩下外壳皮层,即“吃空现象”。 二、密环菌的生活史与人工培育 (一)、密环菌的生活史:密环菌属担子菌亚门、层菌纲、伞菌科,密环菌属真菌。一生经过担孢子、菌丝体(蓖索)、子实体三个生长发育过程。 (二)、密环菌的生活特点和条件:特点,一是寄生性,担孢子成熟后由子买体飘落于树桩、枯枝落叶上,温度、湿度适宜萌发,以菌丝体形式寄生其上,并获取营养。若遇到天麻,也就会侵染寄生。二是好气性,喜在透气良好的腐殖土、砂壤土中生活。三是发光性,气温在15℃～28℃空气湿度70％～90％时,幼嫩菌丝在黑暗中发出萤光、俗称“神灯”。
Gastrodia morphology and bizarre nutrition Tianma no root, no green leaves, underground bulbs or oblique oblique vertical, oval or spindle-shaped, meat hypertrophy, the epidermis are more obvious links, festival at birth membranous small scales, With adventitious bud eye. Weight from a few milligrams to a few hundred grams, said large jianma big, small is the linen, white linen. Gastrodia does not pass photosynthesis, rely on parasitic body dense ring mycelium feeding nutrition, and the formation of Parasiticus parasitic relationship. When the dawn weakening or flowering days, the Central Plains anti-retrograde anti-digestion, so that Tianma only the outer cortex, the “emptying phenomenon.” Second, the life cycle of Artemia bacteria and artificial cultivation (A), the life cycle of bacteria: bacteria of the genus Acyclovir subphylum, stomatalia, toad families, bacteria of the genus ring bacteria. Life after the spores, mycelium (gourd rope), fruiting bodies of three growth and development process. (B), the characteristics and conditions of the life of the bacteria of the Central Plains: Characteristics, one is parasitic, basidiospores matured by the buyer fell on stumps, litter, temperature, humidity suitable for germination parasitic on mycelium And get nourishment. If you encounter Tianma, it will infect parasites. Second, good manners, likes good humus soil breathable, sandy loam life. Third, the luminous temperature of 15 ℃ ~ 28 ℃ air humidity 70% to 90%, the young mycelium fluorescent in the dark, commonly known as “magic lamp.”