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目的了解禽流感病毒在相关环境中的分布状况,为禽流感防控提供科学依据。方法在2015-2017年冬春季选择与禽类相关的4类场所,采集不同种类的环境标本用Real-time PCR方法进行禽流感病毒核酸检测,对监测结果进行分析。结果共采集禽类相关环境标本416份,A型禽流感病毒核酸阳性率31.97%(133/416),其中城乡活禽市场阳性率61.42%(121/197),屠宰加工厂阳性率54.55%(12/22),清洗禽类的污水阳性率74.51%(38/51),宰杀或摆放禽肉案板表面擦拭标本阳性率56.37%(31/55)。结论广元市冬春季节禽流感病毒在禽类相关环境中活跃存在,城乡活禽市场以及屠宰加工厂是主要污染场所,检出禽流感病毒亚型多,交叉污染现象较重。建议对活禽市场及屠宰加工厂加强管控,针对重点人群进行宣传提高防护意识,减少人感染禽流感病毒风险。
Objective To understand the distribution of avian influenza virus in related environment and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of avian influenza. Methods Four types of venues related to birds were selected in winter and spring 2015-2017, and different types of environmental samples were collected for detection of avian influenza virus nucleic acid by Real-time PCR. The monitoring results were analyzed. Results A total of 416 environmental samples of poultry were collected. The positive rate of nucleic acid of type A avian influenza virus was 31.97% (133/416). The prevalence rate of live poultry in urban and rural areas was 61.42% (121/197) and the positive rate of slaughter and processing plants was 54.55% (12 / 22). The positive rate of sewage in cleaning poultry was 74.51% (38/51). The positive rate of wiping samples on slaughtered or placed poultry cases was 56.37% (31/55). Conclusions The winter and spring bird flu viruses in Guangyuan City are active in the poultry-related environment. Live poultry markets in urban and rural areas and slaughter and processing plants are the main sites for contamination. There are many subtypes of avian influenza virus detected and the cross-contamination is serious. Proposed to strengthen the control of the live poultry market and slaughter and processing plants, advocacy for key groups to raise awareness of protection and reduce the risk of human infection with the bird flu virus.