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近年来，国外内镜下围绕着翼腭窝及颈内动脉区病变的内镜手术逐渐开展，对翼腭窝及其通道腭鞘管、翼管区的解剖研究亦不断深入。国内相关学者内镜下经鼻入路岩尖、颈内动脉区、斜坡及颅颈交界区解剖和临床应用解剖研究极少报道，究其原因，主要还是因为该区域重要解剖结构复杂而多变异，缺乏可以信赖的恒定的解剖标记，导致内镜颅底手术进展缓慢。内镜手术中，定向、定位障碍是耳鼻喉科医生和神经外科医生面临的最大风险[1]。“,”In recent years, the lesions of the pterygopalatine fossa and the carotid artery are treated with transnasal endo-scopic approaches in foreign countries gradually.The anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa and its canals, such as pala-tovaginal canal and vidian canal, have been studied thoroughly.However, literatures about the anatomy and clinical ap-plied anatomy of the petrous apex, internal carotid artery,c livus and cranio-vertebral junction space were reported rarely in China.The main causes to cast negative influence on the endoscopic skull base surgery are the complicated struc-tures, anatomical variations and lack of reliable anatomical landmarks.Disorientation of the surgical field is the major risk faced by otorhinolaryngologists and neurosurgeons during endoscopic surgery.