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汉语和日语都是具有汉字的语言,但是汉字在两种语言中的意义却是不尽相同的。母语为日语的学生在学习汉语的过程中产生的一些母语汉字负迁移的现象比较多。其中造成母语负迁移的因素很多,有习惯养成的因素,也有语法结构的因素,文化习惯的因素等等。通过学习日语和汉语中的汉字,以下浅析母语为日语的学习者在学习汉语时造成负迁移的因素、原因及采取的对策。第二语言习得迁移理论认为,母语对第二语言习得有正迁移和负迁移之分。对于日语背景的学生来说日语中的许多因素在学习汉语时产生的依赖也各有利弊。其中产生的负迁移对于学习第二语言为汉语的学习者来说是最容易出现错误也是最难难掌握的。只有分析出在日语母语背景下产生负迁移的因素,并通过正确的课堂学习和正确的学习方法来避免的纠正负迁移造成的错误,这样母语为日语的学生便能更好的学习汉语。
Both Chinese and Japanese are languages with Chinese characters, but the meaning of Chinese characters in both languages is different. Negative transfer of some native Chinese characters caused by students whose native languages are Japanese during their study of Chinese is more frequent. Negative transfer of mother tongue caused by many factors, there are habits to develop factors, but also the factors of grammatical structure, cultural factors and so on. By learning Chinese characters in Japanese and Chinese, the following is a brief analysis of the factors, causes and countermeasures of negative transfer of learners whose native language is Japanese when they learn Chinese. The second language acquisition transfer theory holds that the mother tongue has positive and negative transfer to the second language acquisition. For Japanese-speaking students, many of the factors in Japanese also have their pros and cons in learning Chinese. The resulting negative transfer is most likely to be mistakes and hardest to grasp for learners who learn Chinese as a second language. Only by analyzing the factors that cause negative migration in the background of Japanese mother tongue and avoiding mistakes caused by negative migration through correct classroom learning and correct learning methods, students whose native language is Japanese can learn Chinese better.