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目的观察新疆大沙鼠鼠疫媒介蚤臀突客蚤(Xenopsylla minax Jordan,1926)在实验室饲养条件下的生活史周期及该蚤是否能吸食人血。方法将采自新疆托里县玛依勒山谷地大沙鼠体的臀突客蚤养于小白鼠体。采用普通基础法和3龄成熟幼虫及蛹在平皿中培养2种方法,在18～24℃,70%～90%RH条件下饲养观察。用羽化1～3d的空腹子1代成虫在4人前臂及脚踝皮肤上做叮人吸血试验。结果卵期10～11d,幼虫期18～19d,蛹期10～12d,孕卵期2～3d。从成虫产卵到子1代成虫产卵共经历40～45d。34匹受试蚤(15♂♂,19♀♀)中有18♀♀吸人血,15♂♂和1♀不吸人血。结论臀突客蚤在上述实验室条件下完成一个生活史周期历经40～45d。子1代雌性成虫几乎均能吸食人血,而雄性则未见吸食人血。
Objective To observe the life cycle of Xenopsylla minax Jordan (1926) in the laboratory of Daphnia maggot in China and whether it can ingest human blood. Methods The hysteroptis flea collected from the large sand rat of Mayiiler valley in Tori County of Xinjiang was reared in mice. Two methods were used to cultivate larvae and pupae of 3-instar larvae in the petri dish. The animals were kept under the conditions of 18-24 ℃, 70% -90% RH. The first-generation adults of the fasting, 1 to 3-day-old females were bite-sucked in the skin of 4 forearms and ankles. Results Egg stage 10 ~ 11d, larvae 18 ~ 19d, pupal stage 10 ~ 12d, 2 ~ 3d embryos. Spawning from the adult to the first generation of adult egg laying experience a total of 40 ~ 45d. 34 test fleas (15 ♂ ♂, 19 ♀♀) 18 ♀♀ suck blood, 15 ♂ ♂ and 1 ♀ do not suck human blood. Conclusion Hip hop flea in the above laboratory conditions to complete a life history cycle after 40 ~ 45d. The first generation of female adults almost all can ingest human blood, while the male has no ingestion of human blood.