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许多方法被同时用来从矿山生产的废水中提取或回收金属。如果在特定的条件下应用,每种方法均有其经济优势,包括环境方面付出的代价和取得的效益。生物水冶就是这样的一种方法。本文将对下述四种生物水冶法在经济上和环境上所产生的结果进行分析,用活性硫酸盐还原法从废水中回收金属和利用湿地法回收金属。通过对这些方法在经济上和环境方面优势的分析,确定了一些法则,从而确定生物水冶在应用上的重要位置,也就是在什么场合下可以考虑采用生物水冶法。我们的分析结果认为,生物水冶法在小规模应用上是有效的。和常用的技术相比,它对环境没有坏的影响,而且相对容易操作。由于以生物技术为基础的一些处理厂已投入生产,故工业规模的生产因技术未经验证而产生较高的经济风险正在减少。
Many methods are used simultaneously to extract or recover metals from wastewater produced in mines. Each method has its economic advantages if applied under certain conditions, including the environmental costs and benefits achieved. Biological watermelon is such a method. This article will analyze the economic and environmental consequences of the four biological hydrometallurgical processes described below, recovering metals from wastewaters using reactive sulfate reduction, and recovering metals from wetlands. Through the analysis of the economic and environmental advantages of these methods, some laws have been established to determine the important application of biological watermelon, that is, under what circumstances bio-hydrometallurgy method can be considered. Our analysis suggests that biological hydrometallurgy is effective in small-scale applications. Compared with the common technology, it has no bad influence on the environment, and is relatively easy to operate. As some biotech-based treatment plants are already in production, the high economic risks of industrial-scale production due to unproven technology are declining.