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目的：了解小儿普通外科住院病例中最常见的几种疾病及其诊断、治疗、护理特点。方法：收集住院病历共１２４６份，然后按年龄组将疾病分类、分析。结果：①新生儿组前６种疾病是肥厚性幽门狭窄、肛门直肠闭锁、外科感染、肠闭锁、巨结肠、多系统畸形。因为新生儿代谢率随日龄逐渐升高，制定合理的补液方案，多环节保暖关系着治疗的成败。②婴幼儿组前６种疾病是腹股沟斜疝、肿瘤、外科感染、肛门直肠畸形、肠套叠、阑尾炎。肿瘤病例中８８４％是血管瘤。③儿童组前６种疾病是阑尾炎、腹股沟斜疝、外伤、外科感染、肿瘤、蛔虫性肠梗阻。本组特点是阑尾炎发病率升至第１位；肿瘤以恶性居多；蛔虫性肠梗阻集中就诊于８０年代，均来自农村。结论：小儿发病情况与成人不同，不同年龄组有其特有的疾病，应强调围手术期管理的重要性
Objective: To understand the most common diseases in pediatric general surgery inpatients and their diagnosis, treatment and nursing features. Methods: A total of 1246 in-patient medical records were collected, and the diseases were classified and analyzed by age group. Results: ① The first six diseases in the neonatal group were hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, anorectal atresia, surgical infection, intestinal atresia, megacolon and multiple system deformity. Because neonatal metabolic rate gradually increased with age, to develop a reasonable rehydration program, multi-part of the relationship between the success or failure of treatment. ② The first 6 infants and young children group is inguinal hernia, tumor, surgical infection, anorectal malformation, intussusception, appendicitis. 88.4% of the tumor cases were hemangiomas. ③ The first six diseases in children group were appendicitis, indirect inguinal hernia, trauma, surgical infection, tumor and roundworm intestinal obstruction. This group is characterized by the incidence of appendicitis rose to No. 1; majority of malignant tumors; roundworm intestinal obstruction focused on the 80’s, all from the rural areas. Conclusions: The incidence of pediatric diseases is different from that of adults and different age groups have their own specific diseases. The importance of perioperative management should be emphasized