一要以实际为本新课改的两大理念,一是用教材教而不是教教材,二是以学论教而不是以教论学。前者要求教师把与教材相关联的发展性指标挖掘出来,关注学生的能力、关注学生的情感体验、关注学生的发展;后者要求在教学中使学生充分主动地直接参与探究过程,使学生学会自主、合作、探 First, the two major concepts of the new curriculum reform are to be based on reality. One is to use teaching materials instead of teaching materials, and the other is to learn to teach rather than teach theory. The former requires teachers to dig out the developmental indicators associated with the teaching materials, pay attention to students’ abilities, pay attention to the students’ emotional experience, and pay attention to the development of students; the latter requires that students directly participate in the inquiry process in teaching so that they can actively participate in the inquiry process. Autonomy, cooperation, exploration