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随着融入全球经济步伐的加快和深入,我国正在经历高技能劳动力需求旺盛甚至短缺的时代,其原因是多方面的。本文利用我国制造业企业调查数据考察了国际贸易、外国直接投资和技术进步对高技能劳动力需求的影响。研究发现,全球化对高技能劳动力的需求存在双重作用,进口贸易和外国直接投资与高技能劳动力需求之间存在显著的正相关关系,而出口对高技能劳动力需求呈现显著的负向作用。企业技术进步具有技能偏向型特点,导致企业对高技能劳动力的需求增加,而对低技能劳动力需求相对下降,企业的研究与开发强度对增加高技能劳动力的需求有显著作用。同时,全球化和技术进步对就业技能结构的影响在行业和区域上表现出强烈差异。
With the acceleration and deepening of the pace of integration into the global economy, China is experiencing an era of strong or even short supply of high-skilled labor force. The reasons are manifold. This paper examines the impact of international trade, foreign direct investment, and technological advancement on the demand for highly-skilled labor by using survey data from manufacturing companies in China. The study finds that globalization has a dual role in the demand for highly skilled labor. There is a significant positive correlation between import trade and foreign direct investment and high-skilled labor demand, while exports have a significant negative effect on demand for highly skilled labor. The technological advancement of enterprises has the characteristic of skill-biased type. As a result, the demand for high-skilled labor increases, while the demand for low-skilled labor decreases. The intensity of research and development of enterprises has a significant effect on increasing demand for highly-skilled labor. At the same time, the impact of globalization and technological advancement on the structure of employment skills shows strong differences in industry and region.