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艺术和伦理历来被看作两个不同的范畴,然而从亚里士多德到阿多诺,许多学者都对艺术的伦理收益作了积极的思考。概括起来,人们一般借助于感化、解放和思想体验等三个范式来考察艺术的伦理效率,呈现出三种伦理状态。古典时期推崇艺术作品的教化作用,认为内容重于形式,通过体现、简略和典范性去发挥作品的感化收益,追求一种德性伦理;而到了近代,以席勒为代表的解放范式追求创作自由,在对形式的求美过程中感受选择的自由,使感性本质与理性本质达到和谐统一,探索艺术的本体伦理;当今时代则将艺术看作思想体验的手段,而伦理被设想为一种思考能力,通过重新审视价值观、训练判断力和开发同感等进行道德教育,培育一种审视伦理。
Art and ethics have traditionally been viewed as two distinct categories, but from Aristotle to Adorno, many scholars have actively pondered the ethical benefits of the arts. To summarize, people generally examine the ethical efficiency of art through three paradigms of probation, liberation and ideological experience, presenting three ethical states. In the classical period, he praised the enlightenment of works of art, that content is more important than formality, exert the influence of works through expression, simplicity and model, and pursued a kind of ethics of virtue; but in the modern times, he pursued creation with the paradigm of liberation represented by Schiller Freedom, feel the freedom of choice in the process of seeking beauty from the form, make the nature of sensibility and the nature of reason reach unity and harmony, and explore the ontological ethics of art; in the modern era, art is regarded as the means of thought experience, while ethics is conceived as a Thinking ability, moral education through reexamining values, training judgment and developing empathy, and cultivating a kind of ethics of examination.