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目的通过现患率调查,了解医院感染的实际情况,发现医院感染管理中存在的问题,有效预防与控制医院感染。方法采用床旁逐个调查和查阅在架病历相结合的方法,填写统一现患率调查表,对2011年9月9日和2012年2月28日发生医院感染患者的临床资料进行统计分析。结果 2011与2012年医院感染现患率分别为2.40%与3.89%,例次感染率为2.40%与4.05%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);医院感染部位以呼吸道居首位,占77.35%,其次为泌尿道占6.90%,皮肤软组织占3.95%;医院感染高发科室为ICU、神经内科、神经外科、肿瘤科和肾内科;多药耐药菌在医院感染病原菌中的比例分别为35.3%和32.1%,限制级使用抗菌药物病原微生物送检率分别为36.9%和54.8%;当日抗菌药物使用率分别为55.2%和52.0%。结论加强对医院感染重点部门、重点部位的监测与干预,提高医务人员感染控制意识,合理使用抗菌药物,对降低医院感染具有重要意义。
Objective To investigate the actual prevalence of nosocomial infection through the prevalence survey and find out the problems existing in the management of nosocomial infection so as to effectively prevent and control nosocomial infections. Methods One by one bedside investigation and reviewing the combined medical records were completed. The questionnaire for common prevalence was filled in. The clinical data of patients with nosocomial infections on September 9, 2011 and February 28, 2012 were statistically analyzed. Results The prevalence rates of nosocomial infections in 2011 and 2012 were 2.40% and 3.89%, respectively. The infection rates were 2.40% and 4.05% respectively, with significant difference (P <0.05). The nosocomial infection sites ranked the first with respiratory tract, accounting for 77.35% %, Followed by urinary tract accounted for 6.90%, skin and soft tissue accounted for 3.95%; high incidence of hospital infection department for ICU, neurology, neurosurgery, oncology and nephrology; multidrug-resistant bacteria in hospital infection pathogens were 35.3 % And 32.1% respectively. The detection rates of restricted use of antimicrobial agents were 36.9% and 54.8%, respectively. On the day, the utilization rates of antimicrobial agents were 55.2% and 52.0% respectively. Conclusion It is important to reduce the nosocomial infection by strengthening the monitoring and intervention of key departments and key parts of hospital infection, improving the awareness of infection control among medical staff and using antibacterials reasonably.