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次级制裁因其处罚范围由目标国扩展至与该目标国有交易的第三国,从而严重妨碍国际投资的便利化而备受关注。冷战结束以后,美国仍在延续惩处那些名义上违反国际强行法而实际上不符合美国人权和民主价值观的目标国以及协助目标国的那些国家或公司的做法。由乌克兰危机引发的针对俄罗斯的次级制裁就是一个典型事例。为了抑制美国式的域外法权,必须依赖世界贸易组织安全例外条款确立的自裁性审查机制,只有符合《联合国宪章》第7章和《关税和贸易总协定》、《服务贸易总协定》安全例外条款的次级制裁才具有国际法上的正当性。在乌克兰危机中,中国投资再次面临次级制裁的风险表明,借鉴他国的经验,反次级制裁立法已迫在眉睫。利用双边投资协定中的自裁决条款和利益否定条款,并积极向世界贸易组织申诉则是反次级制裁的合理救济路径。
Sub-sanctions have drawn much attention for their serious impingement on the facilitation of international investment, as their penalties extend from the target countries to third countries that are traded with the target countries. Since the end of the Cold War, the United States continues to punish those countries or companies that nominally violate the laws of international coercion but do not actually meet the human rights and democratic values of the United States and those countries or companies that assist the target countries. The case of subordinate sanctions against Russia triggered by the crisis in Ukraine is a typical example. In order to curb the U.S.-style extraterritoriality, a review mechanism for self-determination must be relied upon to establish the self-determining review mechanism of the World Trade Organization (SAFE) security exception, and only in conformity with Chapter 7 of the UN Charter and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATS) The subordinate sanctions of the articles have the legitimacy of international law. In the midst of the crisis in Ukraine, the risk of China once again facing subordinate sanctions against investment shows that it is imminent to learn from the experience of other countries on the anti-secondary sanctions legislation. Using the negative clauses of self-determination clauses and interests in BITs and appealing positively to the World Trade Organization are the reasonable relief routes for counter-secondary sanctions.