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氢气作为高效洁净的二次能源备受关注,但由于氢气无色无味、易爆炸,因此在使用的过程中必须对环境中的氢气进行检查。这就决定了氢气传感器在现代工业、燃料电池及氢的贮存和分离等的氢检测方面有着重要的应用。开发灵敏度高、选择性和稳定性好的氢气传感器一直是传感器领域研究的重要方向。由于具有独特的物理化学性质、高的比表面积和优越的电子特性,碳纳米材料常作为氢气传感器的敏感材料的载体。碳纳米复合材料在吸附氢气之后,其电子性质会发生变化,利用这个性质可以实现对氢气的检测。本文就碳纳米材料与金属纳米粒子、金属氧化物、聚合物的复合材料的氢敏感材料进行了系统的分析,综述了近年来基于碳纳米材料的氢气传感器的研究进展,并对氢气传感器的应用前景和发展趋势进行了展望,指出了需要研究的科学问题。
Hydrogen as a clean and efficient secondary energy of concern, but because hydrogen is colorless, odorless, explosive, so in the process of using hydrogen in the environment must be checked. This determines the hydrogen sensor in modern industries, fuel cells and hydrogen storage and separation of hydrogen detection has an important application. Development of high sensitivity, selectivity and stability of the hydrogen sensor has been an important direction in the field of sensor research. Due to its unique physicochemical properties, high specific surface area and superior electronic properties, carbon nanomaterials are often used as carriers for sensitive materials of hydrogen gas sensors. The electronic properties of carbon nanocomposites change after hydrogen is adsorbed, and hydrogen can be detected with this property. In this paper, the hydrogen sensitive materials of carbon nanomaterials, metal nanoparticles, metal oxides and polymer composites were systematically analyzed. The research progress of hydrogen sensors based on carbon nanomaterials in recent years was reviewed. The application of hydrogen sensors Prospects and development trends, pointed out the need to study the scientific issues.