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社会必要劳动时间决定商品价值量,是马克思价值理论的一个基本原理,它对指导当前经济体制和价格体系的改革,提高经济效益,有着十分重要的意义。在这个问题上,我国经济理论界一直存在着重大争论。一种意见认为:价值量取决于所谓第一含义的社会必要劳动时间(即生产商品耗费的社会必要劳动时间),而与所谓第二含义的社会必要劳动时间(即根据社会需要分配用于生产某种特殊产品的劳动时间)无关,第二含义的社会必要劳动时间只同价值实现有关;另一种意见则认为:价值量与第二含义的社会必要劳动时间有关,它是由两种含义的社会必要劳动时间共同决定的。分歧产生的原因是多方面的,没有足够地注意马克思分析这一问题所运用的具体方法,是其中的原因之一。本文试图根据自己的学习体会,从方法论的角度谈谈对这一问题的看法。
It is a basic principle of Marxist theory of value that the socially necessary working time decides the value of commodities. It is of great significance to direct the reform of the current economic system and price system and increase the economic benefits. On this issue, there have been major debates in our economic theoretical circles. One suggestion is that the value depends on the so-called socially necessary working time of the first meaning (ie the socially necessary working time spent producing goods) and the socially necessary working time on the basis of the so-called second meaning The second meaning of socially necessary labor time is only related to the realization of value; the other opinion is that the value of value is related to the second meaning of socially necessary labor time, and it is composed of two meanings of society Necessary working hours decide together. The reasons for the differences are manifold. One of the reasons for not paying enough attention to the specific methods used by Marx to analyze this issue is. This article attempts to talk about this issue from a methodological point of view based on my own learning experience.