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棉花品种抗黄萎病鉴定一般在田间病圃中进行,其结果受病圃中病原菌分布均匀程度、气象等因素影响极大,往往导致鉴定结果不准确。为了使鉴定方法简单、科学、可靠,我们在温室条件下比较了3种苗期接种棉花黄萎病的方法,即切根蘸孢子法(接种浓度为106分生孢子/mL);菌培养物土壤接种法(0.5％、1％、2％,w/w);微菌核土壤接种法(103个微菌核/g土)。结果表明,切根蘸孢子法导致棉苗发病均匀、严重、迅速,播种35-45 d后即可得到均匀一致的发病结果。而其它2种接种方法在播种75 d后才得到相对稳定的发病结果。同时,研究还表明接种浓度为104分生孢子/mL所导致的黄萎病显著比105或106的轻。利用切根蘸孢子法在室内鉴定12个棉花品种或品系的抗黄萎病能力,证明该方法是抗黄萎病快速鉴定的有效方法。此外,该鉴定方法还可快速鉴定黄萎病菌不同菌株的致病性,并可应用于作物对其它土传病害的抗病性鉴定上。
Identification of cotton varieties resistant to Verticillium wilt generally carried out in the field nursery, the results of the nursery in the distribution of pathogens, weather and other factors greatly affect the results often lead to inaccurate identification. In order to make the identification method simple, scientific and reliable, we compared three methods of inoculation of Verticillium dahliae at seedling stage under greenhouse conditions, that is, the method of cutting and dipping spores (inoculum concentration of 106 conidia / mL) Soil inoculation method (0.5%, 1%, 2%, w / w); Microbial sclerotia soil inoculation method (103 mycobacteria / g soil). The results showed that cutting and dipping spore method led to the uniform, severe and rapid incidence of cotton seedlings, which was uniform after 35-45 days of sowing. However, the other two inoculation methods showed a relatively stable incidence after 75 days of sowing. At the same time, the study also showed that Verticillium wilt caused by inoculation at a concentration of 104 conidia / mL was significantly less than 105 or 106. The resistance to Verticillium wilt of 12 cotton cultivars or lines indoors was determined by the method of cutting and dipping spores, which proved that this method is an effective method for the rapid identification of Verticillium dahliae. In addition, the identification method can also rapidly identify the pathogenicity of different strains of Verticillium dahliae and can be applied to the identification of the disease resistance of crops to other soil-borne diseases.