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近年来,城市贫困和失业的上升对中国传统的社会救助提出了很多新的挑战。城市社会救助当前面临的重要问题之一,就是如何采取更为积极的措施,以应对救助对象从传统的三无人员向下岗失业者的转变。为了推动有劳动力低保人员的再就业,很多城市都在低保体系中引入工作福利措施。由于工作福利在中国还是一项新近的政策,关于它的研究还非常有限。本文采用长期跟踪定性研究,对北京的工作福利的效果进行评估。研究发现,由于工作福利项目自身的不足,以及一些外部结构性因素的限制,工作福利在推动被救助者脱离福利,进入就业方面的作用十分有限。如何推进就业服务质量的提高,规范低保和工作福利的管理,是社会救助改革需要面对的重要问题。
In recent years, rising urban poverty and unemployment have posed many new challenges to China’s traditional social assistance. One of the important problems currently facing urban social assistance is how to take more active measures to cope with the transition from the traditional three-man personnel to laid-off workers. In order to promote the re-employment of workers with minimal living allowances, many cities introduce work-related welfare measures in the dibao system. Since work-related benefits are still a new policy in China, the research on it is still very limited. This paper uses long-term follow-up qualitative research to assess the effect of work-related benefits in Beijing. The study found that due to the shortage of the welfare programs and some external structural constraints, the benefits of working benefits are very limited in promoting the rescued persons from welfare and employment. How to promote the improvement of employment service quality, standardize the management of subsistence allowances and work benefits is an important issue to be faced in the reform of social assistance.