毛主席指出:“有了优良品种,即不增加劳动力、肥料,也可获得较好的收成”。种子是农业的重要生产资料。选用适合本地区的优良品种,对发展农业生产有很大作用。目前获得新的优良品种,主要有以下途径:利用现有的优良品种,引进试种,从中鉴定出适宜本地区的优良品种;在农家品种和推广品种中,发现优良的变异植株,经过单株选择成为新的优良品种;利用有性杂交选育新的品系类型和品种;利用辐射诱变(包括激光)进行育种;通过“三系”或化学杀雄的办法配制杂种种子,利用杂种优势;从离体花药培养诱导成花粉植株的单倍体育种等。 Chairman Mao pointed out: “With excellent varieties, that is, we can get better yields without increasing labor force and fertilizer.” Seeds are an important means of production in agriculture. Selection of suitable varieties for the region, the development of agricultural production has a significant role. The current access to new varieties, mainly in the following ways: the use of existing varieties, the introduction of test species, identified from the region suitable for fine varieties; in the varieties of farmers and promotion of varieties, found that good variant plants, after single plant Choose to be a new elite variety; use sexual cross to breed new line types and varieties; use radiation mutagenesis (including laser) for breeding; use “three lines” or chemical killing methods to make hybrid seeds and utilize heterosis; Induction of pollen plant haploid breeding from in vitro anther culture.