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目的为掌握深圳市宝安地区企业工作场所正己烷的职业危害控制情况和变化趋势,探讨实施基本职业卫生服务(BOHS)对企业工作场所空气中正己烷监测结果的近期影响。方法2004~2013年对深圳市宝安地区企业工作场所空气中正己烷危害进行动态监测,并对监测数据进行统计分析。结果工作场所正己烷监测超标企业主要行业分布:电子电器134间,占60.9%、印刷31间,占14.1%、塑胶五金28间,占12.7%等;超标岗位主要分布:清洗清洁190个,占63.3%、印刷54个,占18.0%和包装检测31个,占10.3%等;监测企业合格率和监测点合格率:2004~2013年均逐年增加,监测企业合格率从2004年的78.6%增加到2013年的99.0%,监测点合格率从89.2%增加到99.7%。BOHS实施后(97.9%和99.3%)较BOHS实施前(82.1%和89.4%)有显著增加。结论应加强对电子、印刷与五金塑胶类企业正己烷职业危害的监督和管理;实施BOHS对企业工作场所正己烷职业危害监测覆盖面和监测合格率有明显提高。
Objective To understand the occupational hazards control and trend of n-hexane in the workplace of enterprises in Baoan District of Shenzhen City and to explore the short-term impact of implementing BOHS on the monitoring results of n-hexane in the workplace air. Methods From 2004 to 2013, the hazard of n-hexane in the air of enterprise workplace in Baoan District of Shenzhen City was dynamically monitored, and the monitoring data were statistically analyzed. Results In the workplace, the monitoring of n-hexane exceeded enterprises distribution in major industries: 134 electrical and electronic equipment, accounting for 60.9%, printing 31, accounting for 14.1%, plastic hardware 28, accounting for 12.7%; excessive positions are mainly distributed: cleaning 190, accounting for 63.3%, printing 54, accounting for 18.0% and package testing 31, accounting for 10.3%. The qualified rate of monitoring enterprises and the qualified rate of monitoring points increased year by year from 2004 to 2013 with the qualified rate of monitoring enterprises increased from 78.6% in 2004 By 99.0% in 2013, the pass rate of monitoring points increased from 89.2% to 99.7%. After BOHS implementation (97.9% and 99.3%) than the BOHS before implementation (82.1% and 89.4%) a significant increase. Conclusion The supervision and management of the occupational hazards of n-hexane in electronic, printing and hardware and plastic enterprises should be strengthened. The implementation of BOHS has significantly improved the coverage of occupational hazards and the pass rate of monitoring of n-hexane in the workplace.