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目的 探讨鄱阳湖水位变化对洲滩钉螺分布的影响,为设计生态灭螺规划提供科学依据。方法 收集既往鄱阳湖洲滩钉螺资料与水位资料进行统计分析。结果 鄱阳湖钉螺面积的94.55％分布于14-17m高程洲滩;水位变化的重要指标为洲滩水淹日数与显露日数,通常水淹日数为216-113d(中位数160d);显露日数为149-252d(中位数205d)。结论 鄱阳湖洲滩钉螺分布与水位变化密切相关,4-6月份由江西省境内5河洪水引起的洲滩水淹与显露日数比例是制约洲滩钉螺密度与分布的关键,2-5月洲滩显露有利于钉螺产卵,5月以后洲滩水淹则有利于螺卵孵化与幼螺的发育生长。因此,控制鄱阳湖水位,改变钉螺生态特性即可达到制约湖区钉螺的目标。
Objective To explore the influence of the water level change of Poyang Lake on the snail distribution in Chautenang Island and to provide a scientific basis for the design of ecological snail control. Methods The data of past snail snail and water level in Poyang Lake were collected for statistical analysis. Results 94.55% of the snail area in Poyang Lake was distributed in the elevation of 14-17m in Chengzhou Beach. The important indicator of water level change was the number of flooding days and the number of exposed days in Chaotanbai. The number of flooding days was 216-113d (median 160d) 149-252d (median 205d). Conclusion The distribution of snail in Poyang Lake Beach is closely related to the change of water level. The ratio of the number of floodplain to the exposed day due to the five river floods in April-June is the key factor limiting the density and distribution of Oncomelania snails. From February to May, Beach exposure is conducive to Oncomelania spawning, May Beach Chaandan flooding is conducive to the snail egg hatching and snail growth and development. Therefore, the control of Poyang Lake water level, snail ecological characteristics can be changed to achieve the goal of restricting snail lake area.