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目的研究医科大学新生抑郁现况及存在的主要问题,为干预实验提供依据。方法研究对象包括整群抽取的某医科大学预防医学和临床医学的新生共524人。被试填写自编调查表和心理量表,后者包括抑郁量表、社会适应能力测验、简易应对方式问卷、人际关系测验和自尊量表。结果女生的抑郁量表得分显著高于男生,提示女生的心理健康状况比男生差。不同专业及是否独生子女的抑郁量表得分差异无统计学意义。回归分析结果表明,随着社会适应能力测验、人际关系测验、积极应对方式和自尊测验总得分的增高,医科大学新生的抑郁量表测验得分明显降低;相反,随着消极应对方式总得分的增高,医科大学新生的抑郁量表总得分明显增高。结论应加强对医科大学女性新生的心理健康教育干预。在干预过程中应注重心理健康多纬度的特点。
Objective To study the current status of depression and its main problems in medical university freshmen, and provide the basis for the intervention experiment. Methods Subjects included a total of 524 freshmen from a medical university in preventive medicine and clinical medicine. The subjects filled in self-made questionnaires and psychometric scales, which included the Depression Scale, Social Adaptability Test, Simple Coping Style Questionnaire, Interpersonal Relationship Test, and Self-Esteem Scale. Results The scale of depression scale of girls was significantly higher than that of boys, suggesting that girls’ mental health was worse than that of boys. There was no significant difference in scores of depression scale among different majors and only children. The results of regression analysis showed that with the increase of social adaptability test, interpersonal relationship test, positive coping style and self-esteem test scores, the freshmen’s depression scale test score significantly decreased; on the contrary, as the total score of negative coping style increased , The total score of depression scale of freshmen in medical university was significantly higher. Conclusion Psychological health education intervention should be strengthened for female freshmen in medical university. In the intervention process should pay attention to the characteristics of mental health more latitude.