中国封建社会的宗法制度源远流长,它滥觞于氏族公社后期,到殷周社会之际臻于完备。在此后几千年的发展过程中,其形态几经演变,直到新中国建立后才被彻底废除。然而,宗法观念作为一种文化现象,其消失较之制度的消亡要缓慢得多,一直到今天,对于中国社会特别是广大农村,仍然具有较大的影响。因此,探讨宗法文化与中国社会的关系问题,不仅具有学术价值,而且具有现实意义。本文准备截取宋代社会作为横断面,考察中国封建社会转折时期的宗法制度及其观念,作为笔者中国社会文化史系 The patriarchal clan system of Chinese feudal society goes back to ancient times. It originated from the later period of the clan communes and became complete during the period of Yin and Zhou dynasties. In the course of several thousand years after its development, its shape evolved several times and was completely abolished until the founding of new China. However, as a cultural phenomenon, the concept of patriarchal clan disappears much more slowly than the disappearance of the system. Until today, it still has a great impact on Chinese society, especially the vast rural areas. Therefore, to explore the relationship between patriarchal culture and Chinese society is not only of academic value, but also of practical significance. This article intends to intercept the Song Dynasty society as a cross-section, examine the Chinese patriarchal society during the turning point of the patriarchal system and its concept, as the author of China’s Department of Social Culture and History