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定量金相是在二维平面(试样抛光平面或分析表面)上对显微组织作一定的几何测量,然后推算出三维空间中显微组织量值的方法。定量金相研究的基本方法是几何测量与统计分析。其定量描述的数学基础是体视学、拓扑概念和数理统计。目前进行定量金相分析工作的方法有两种:(1)用肉眼观察作几何测量,再进行计算分析的手工方法。(2)采用配置在金相显微镜或电子显微镜上的各种定量图象分析附件以及高分辨的全自动图象分析仪。
Quantitative metallography is a method of making some geometric measurements of a microstructure in a two-dimensional plane (the polished or analyzed surface of a specimen) and then deducing the amount of the microstructure in the three-dimensional space. The basic method of quantitative metallography is geometric measurement and statistical analysis. The mathematical basis for its quantitative description is stereology, topological concepts and mathematical statistics. At present, there are two kinds of methods for quantitative metallographic analysis: (1) observing the geometrical measurement with the naked eye, and then performing manual calculation and analysis methods. (2) Using a variety of quantitative image analysis accessories and high-resolution automatic image analyzers arranged on a metallographic microscope or an electron microscope.