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目的对上海市青浦区2008—2012年手足口病流行病学和病原学特征进行分析,为预防手足口病提供依据。方法利用国家“传染病报告信息管理系统”开展监测,采用描述性流行病学方法对监测资料进行分析。采用实时荧光定量PCR法对部分患者进行肠道病毒核酸检测。结果青浦区2008—2012年共报告手足口病9 487例,年发病率为91.28/10万~290.31/10万,呈逐年上升趋势(P<0.01)。发病集中在4—7月份;男性高于女性(男女性别比范围1.39∶1~1.54∶1);以5岁及以下的散居和托幼儿童发病为主,外来儿童居多,近年20岁及以上患者比例有所上升。病原监测显示2010—2011年以EV 71型为主,2012年以Cox A16型为主,且其他肠道病毒检出比例也有上升。重症病例以EV 71型为主。结论青浦区手足口病发病有明显的季节、地区和人群特征。普通病例病原体主要为EV 71型和Cox A16型,且不同年份的流行株有所差别,2012年其他肠道病毒检出比例上升,重症病例以EV 71型为主。
Objective To analyze the epidemiology and etiology of hand-foot-mouth disease in Qingpu District of Shanghai from 2008 to 2012, and provide evidence for preventing hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods The monitoring was carried out by using the national “Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System”, and the descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the monitoring data. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method was used to detect enterovirus nucleic acid in some patients. Results A total of 9 487 HFMD cases were reported in Qingpu District from 2008 to 2012, with an annual incidence rate of 91.28 / 100 ~ 290.31 / 100 000, showing an upward trend year by year (P <0.01). The incidence was concentrated in April-July; the male was higher than the female (male to female ratio range: 1.39: 1 to 1.54: 1); the incidence of diaspora and nursery children aged 5 years and under was mainly dominated by foreign children, The proportion of patients has increased. Pathogen surveillance showed that EV71 was predominant in 2010-2011, Cox A16 was predominant in 2012, and the proportion of other enteroviruses was also increased. Severe cases to EV 71-based. Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Qingpu District has obvious seasonal, regional and population characteristics. The common case pathogens are mainly EV 71 and Cox A16, and the epidemic strains in different years are different. In 2012, the detection rate of other enteroviruses increased, and the severe case was EV 71.