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目的:为了解和掌握金华市农村饮水安全现状,提出相应的对策,为相关部门制定改进措施提供科学依据。方法:在金华市9个县(市、区)选择305个监测点,对每个监测点开展农村饮水基本情况调查和水质检测,检测结果依据GB 5749-2006进行评价。结果:集中式供水人口占到农村人口94.93%,地表水占农村集中式供水人口94.57%,水库水占农村集中式供水人口的79.56%,完全处理水厂占20.98%;菌落总数、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌和总大肠菌群的合格率分别为50.49%、44.17%、63.27%和38.19%;规范消毒能有效提高水中微生物指标的合格率。结论:农村水质合格率较低,供水存在不安全因素,主要不合格指标为微生物指标,这与水厂消毒率低、消毒不规范等有关。建议加强管理,增加消毒设备,提高消毒率,规范消毒工艺,可有效提高农村饮水水质,降低水性疾病风险。
Objectives: To understand and grasp the current status of rural drinking water safety in Jinhua City, put forward corresponding countermeasures and provide scientific basis for relevant departments to make improvement measures. Methods: 305 monitoring sites were selected in 9 counties (cities and districts) in Jinhua City. Basic survey of rural drinking water and water quality were carried out for each monitoring site. The test results were evaluated according to GB 5749-2006. Results: The centralized water supply accounted for 94.93% of the rural population, surface water accounted for 94.57% of the rural centralized water supply, the reservoir water accounted for 79.56% of the rural centralized water supply, and the water treatment plant completely accounted for 20.98%. The total number of colonies, The passing rates of bacteria, Escherichia coli and total coliform were 50.49%, 44.17%, 63.27% and 38.19% respectively. The standard disinfection could effectively improve the passing rate of microorganisms in water. Conclusion: The passing rate of rural water quality is low, and there is insecurity in water supply. The main unqualified indicators are microbial indicators, which are related to the low disinfection rate in waterworks and the non-standard disinfection. Proposed to strengthen management, increase disinfection equipment, improve disinfection rate, standardize disinfection process, which can effectively improve the quality of rural drinking water and reduce the risk of waterborne diseases.