恩格斯在总结自然科学认识史的经验教训时指出:“不管自然科学家采取什么样的态度,他们还是得受哲学的支配。”(《自然辩证法》,187页)化学发展的历史事实表明,全部化学史充满着唯物论和唯心论、辩证法和形而上学的激烈斗争。认识化学史上这种认识路线的长期复杂的斗争,有助于我们今天开展化学学科领域的革命大批判,有助于提高我们学习和执行马克思主义的辩证唯物论的认识路线的自觉性。下面我们就化学发展的几次重大斗争,来谈一谈我们学习《自然辩证法》在这方面的一些体会。 化学的产生和发展,一开始就贯穿着唯物论与唯心论的斗争 恩格斯说:“科学的发生和发展一开始就是由生产决定的。”(《自然辩证法》,162页)化学也和其他科学一样,它的发展的源泉是劳动人民在生产斗争中所积累的实践经验。人们为了要生产,就需要各种生产工具,为了制造这些工具,劳动人民在古代就已获得关于金、银、铜、铁、锡、铅、锌、汞等金属性质及其冶炼的知识。我国劳动人民早在公元前 Engels, in summing up the experiences and lessons learned in the history of the natural sciences, pointed out: “Regardless of the attitude taken by the natural scientists, they are still subject to philosophy.” (Dialectics of Nature, p. 187) The historical facts of chemical development show that all chemistry History is full of intense struggle between materialism and idealism, dialectics and metaphysics. Recognizing the long and complex struggle of this line of understanding in the history of chemistry can help us today carry out major revolutionary criticisms in the field of chemistry and help to raise our awareness of learning and implementing the Marxist line of understanding of dialectical materialism. Here are some major struggles we have made in chemical development: Let us talk about some of our experiences in learning Dialectics of Nature. The Birth and Development of Chemistry Beginning Through the Struggle between Materialism and Idealism From the very beginning Engels said: “The birth and development of science are, at the outset, decided by production.” (Dialectics of Nature, p. 162) Chemistry is also linked to other sciences Similarly, its source of development is the practical experience accumulated by the working people in the struggle for production. In order to produce, people need all kinds of production tools. To make these tools, working people have acquired ancient knowledge of the nature and refining of metals such as gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead, zinc and mercury. The working people in our country were back as early as BC