中国古代传统法制,向无律师辩护制度。律师出现于中国,最早乃源于上海租界。第一次鸦片战争后,英国根据窃取的领事裁判权,于1856年在上海设立领事法庭,由英驻沪领事兼任法官,审理租界英国侨民的有关民刑案件。1865年7月,英国政府又在沪设一高等法院,俗称英国按 Ancient Chinese legal system, to defend without lawyer system. Lawyers appeared in China, the earliest from the Shanghai concession. After the First Opium War, Britain set up a consular court in Shanghai in 1856 on the basis of stolen consular jurisdiction. The British Consul in Shanghai acted as a judge to hear cases concerning civil cases against British nationals in the concession. In July 1865, the British government set up another high court in Shanghai, commonly known as Britain