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目的探讨影响城区学龄前儿童忽视的相关因素,为制定有针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,使用自拟问卷和中国3~6岁城区儿童忽视状况评价问卷对唐山市城区1 642名学龄前儿童的家长进行问卷调查。结果唐山市城区学龄前儿童总忽视率为36.4%,总忽视度为(43.32±7.76)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,儿童年龄小(OR=1.149,95%CI=1.032~1.279)、儿童性格内向(OR=1.846,95%CI=1.240~2.747)、父亲性格内向(OR=2.207,95%CI=1.403~3.473)、母亲性格内向(OR=1.907,95%CI=1.147~3.168)、家庭成员关系冷淡(OR=1.926,95%CI=1.376~2.696)、教育态度不一致(OR=1.487,95%CI=1.166~1.897)、长期寄养(OR=1.667,95%CI=1.031~2.696)是儿童受忽视的危险因素。多元逐步回归分析结果显示,影响儿童忽视度的因素有儿童年龄、儿童性格、父母性格、家庭类型、人均住房面积、家庭成员关系、教育方式、教育态度及儿童长期寄养(P值均<0.05)。结论唐山市城区学龄前儿童受忽视状况严重,影响因素涉及儿童、父母和家庭因素。
Objective To explore the influencing factors of neglect of preschool children in urban area and provide basis for making targeted interventions. Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to survey the parents of 1 642 preschool children in Tangshan City using the self-made questionnaire and the evaluation of children’s neglect status in urban China aged 3 ~ 6 years. Results The total neglect rate of preschool children in Tangshan city was 36.4%, and the total neglect degree was (43.32 ± 7.76). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that children were younger (OR = 1.149, 95% CI = 1.032-1.279), children were introverted (OR = 1.846, 95% CI = 1.240-2.747) (OR = 1.907, 95% CI = 1.147-3.168). The family members were indifferent (OR = 1.926, 95% CI = 1.376-2.696), and the educational attitude was not consistent (OR = 1.487 , 95% CI = 1.166-1.897). Long-term foster care (OR = 1.667, 95% CI = 1.031-2.696) was a neglected risk factor for children. The results of multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that the factors affecting children’s neglect were children’s age, children’s personality, parents’ personality, family type, per capita housing area, family members, education methods, educational attitude and children’s long-term foster care (P <0.05) . Conclusion The prevalence of preschool children in urban areas of Tangshan City is neglected. The influencing factors include children, parents and family factors.