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Abstract: In my thesis, I mainly present one of the most important strategies in vocabulary memorization. After finishing reading, I hope more English learners enjoy English.
Key wordsvocabulary memorization, memorizing regulations,memoring strategies
What’s the review? many people may say:” review is very easy, that’s to say, review means reading the learnt materials again.” Not exactly, review is like to scratch the trails, the more, the deeper. When reviewing, we mainly focus new comprehension on leant knowledge; only in this way do we gain good review efficiently.
Review the Learnt Knowledge In Time
According to the famous psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus’s (1850-1909) experiment report which delivered in 1885, in his report, he chose some alphabets arranged in disorder, testing himself. After the experiments, he drew famous forgetting curve revealing the forgetting laws as follow:
According to the illustration, the vertical axis means the numbers of knowledge learnt in the process .The curve means the change regulations in memorizing laws. From the curve, we know that the forgetting has its own laws, but the extent of forgetting is not the same in the whole process: At the beginning of memorization, the rate of forgetting is the farthest, and then slower, after a certain time, it keeps balance, namely, it obeys the principles “first fast, then slow”. If we don’t review the knowledge learnt the day before, we would only memorize 25 percent of it today. Chinese greatest philosopher Confucius said that“ Review what you 've learned from time to time” which comply with Hermann Ebbinghaus’s curve. No matter who you are, if you want to memorize something ,you have to go though the process of reciting, maintenance, recognification, and recollection. There are several states in vocabulary memorization, that’s to say, we considered to memorize the word structures (including pronunciations ,meanings, and usage.) In this process, validity, simplicity, and usage are the key points.
In schools, we often find the situation: some students listen very carefully and write down notes cautiously in class, but after class seldom do them take them out to review, then, next class they still take out the notebooks to write down new knowledge, so at the end of term, they take so many notes, but it’s very difficult for them to review the learnt knowledge, why? The famous German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus told us that we should review the learnt knowledge before forgetting. Only in this way do we have double efficiencies. If you wait till the end of term, the knowledge which you have learnt is almost forgotten. So it’s very tough to review again. The Russian distinguished psychologist World Lingo gave us very vivid simile----he compared the brain to the large building, pointing out that the function of review is the same as to consolidate the building, while it is not to repair the collapsed building. Just as the English proverb says that: “A stitch in time saves nine.” it means one stitch in time saves nine stitches.
① The Integrating and Departing Review
Many people may say:“I trap in the strange circle of memorization and forgetting”. Actually, whether we can turn short-term memorization into long-term memorization depends on the strength and frequency of outside stimulations andalso relies on the information stored in short-term memorization. Psychologists still found that the processes of this transformation involved the capacity of man’s recognition which includes capacity of integration (finding the same attributions), capacity of distinction (finding the differences), forming concepts (concluding the distributions) and association. The application of these four aspects would strengthen the intensity of information and also give the impetus to the transformation.
First, let’s see very interesting psychological experiment--- There were two group of students who learned 18 words respectively, the first group learnt 18 words which are all new to them, while the second group learn 9 words which are familiar to them, but 9 words are new to them, then, ask them to write down the words by themselves, can you evaluate which group is better one?
If repeating the words can make further impressions, so there’s no doubt that second group would be better, because among these Words, half of them they had learnt before, now ,they only needed to memorize the new half, but as a matter of fact, the first group are better, because according to the view of proceeding information, the original old words already had some associations, forming integration, when adding the other 9words the learners need to break the old connections to build new associations in 18 words, thus ,the efficiency of the first group is better than that one of the second group.
② Concentrating and Detracting Strategies
There are many psychological experiment proved that the distracting strategy is better than concentrating strategy. In order to explain this conclusion clearly, one of the psychologists set a good example--if we want to paint our furniture, we should paint for in the first time until it is dry , then paint the second time, some people without experience would want to complete the task justonly for the first time, in this way they may fail to paint the surface smoothly. In the same theory, neural system accepts the stimulation which will be turned into trails that also needs a period of time to consolidate. Concentrating review leading to bad results may be because of having not waited for the consolidation of former trails, while the new trails are added, so there is no time to enhance the trails. When the Chinese famous artist Feng Zikai learnt the English, he applied the distracting strategy: When he began to study English, he required himself to recite every passage with 22 times, there is the table as follow:
Thefirsttext The secondtext The third text The fourth textOn the first dayten On the second day fiveten On the third dayfive five ten On the fourth daytwo five five ten But in this process, in order to achieve better consequences, we should apply scientifical individual memorizing methods as common as possible. We know Ebbinghaus’s curve law is suitable for the mass who posses the same attributions , but individual may have different physiological traits ,and life experiences lead to different memorizing habits ,memorizing methods ,and memorizing traits ,so the memorizing laws embodies the different forms on individuals. We should combine the scientific memorizing with personal characteristics. Firstly , on the distribution of time ,generally speaking ,the most proper memorizing time is nine to eleven on P.M, three to four on A.M.,and seven to ten at night ,but actually many people find it much better on the morning or at middle night when environment is very quiet practically. On the long term of study, we should gradually grope for our best memorizing time in order to make full use of it. Secondly, the emotional factors also give much effecton study ,many students feel distress when studying,th-
ough given much pressure ,they gain the limiting efficiency .If our brains always stay in the contradictionary states,so no matter how hard can we give much pressure on ourselves,it will keep low efficiency. Sometimes reading humorous English jokes and pondering proper vocabulary usage, you will feel that they are much more helpful.
All in all, to alternate work and rest and keeping optimistic attitude will increase the efficiency of our brains.
③ Strategy of Trying to Recollect
In many schools, the teachers may ask students to recite the English text, while the students may read the text time and time again till reciting out. This method is very mechanical and passive. Actually, before we recite the passages, we could read the material several times, then closing the book, trying to recite, if you couldn’t recite at all then open the book. To this strategy is a kind of active memorizing process. It would improve the learners’ activity and searching spirits, more over, it makes the learners know where it still needs to strengthen, apparently, it helps the learners save amounts of time in the long run and prevent cramming.
Conclusion
In this thesis, I just mention a common method, which isrelied on my own learning English experiences . In my opinion, to be successful in one’s English, the following principal should be borne in mind-they are good study method, perseverance, and full concentration, we could express it in the famous format, that’s ,success equals good study plusing perseverance.
What I have mentioned above is just an ice corner of Iceland. Learning English vocabulary has no fixed model; we could use various kinds of strategies only if we could memorize the words efficiently and firmly if the same group of words is given to students, perhaps they could get same consequences obviously, but go through different memorizing processes owing to we having different characteristics and life experiences.
Above all, if the readers could absorb and use whatever the points I mentioned, I will be very grateful.
Bibliography
［1］李富宁：《英语的习语》，上海外国语学院《外国语》1979年第4期。
［2］李明，周敬华：《双语词典编纂》，上海外语教育出版社。
［3］赵世开：（2001）《论语言和语言学习》，北京第二外国语学院 学报《学丛》第2期。
［4］靳梅琳：《大学英语-词汇与语义教程》，北京航空航天大学出版社1999年版。
［5］林承璋，刘世平：《英语词汇学引论》，武汉大学出版社2004年版。
Key wordsvocabulary memorization, memorizing regulations,memoring strategies
What’s the review? many people may say:” review is very easy, that’s to say, review means reading the learnt materials again.” Not exactly, review is like to scratch the trails, the more, the deeper. When reviewing, we mainly focus new comprehension on leant knowledge; only in this way do we gain good review efficiently.
Review the Learnt Knowledge In Time
According to the famous psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus’s (1850-1909) experiment report which delivered in 1885, in his report, he chose some alphabets arranged in disorder, testing himself. After the experiments, he drew famous forgetting curve revealing the forgetting laws as follow:
According to the illustration, the vertical axis means the numbers of knowledge learnt in the process .The curve means the change regulations in memorizing laws. From the curve, we know that the forgetting has its own laws, but the extent of forgetting is not the same in the whole process: At the beginning of memorization, the rate of forgetting is the farthest, and then slower, after a certain time, it keeps balance, namely, it obeys the principles “first fast, then slow”. If we don’t review the knowledge learnt the day before, we would only memorize 25 percent of it today. Chinese greatest philosopher Confucius said that“ Review what you 've learned from time to time” which comply with Hermann Ebbinghaus’s curve. No matter who you are, if you want to memorize something ,you have to go though the process of reciting, maintenance, recognification, and recollection. There are several states in vocabulary memorization, that’s to say, we considered to memorize the word structures (including pronunciations ,meanings, and usage.) In this process, validity, simplicity, and usage are the key points.
In schools, we often find the situation: some students listen very carefully and write down notes cautiously in class, but after class seldom do them take them out to review, then, next class they still take out the notebooks to write down new knowledge, so at the end of term, they take so many notes, but it’s very difficult for them to review the learnt knowledge, why? The famous German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus told us that we should review the learnt knowledge before forgetting. Only in this way do we have double efficiencies. If you wait till the end of term, the knowledge which you have learnt is almost forgotten. So it’s very tough to review again. The Russian distinguished psychologist World Lingo gave us very vivid simile----he compared the brain to the large building, pointing out that the function of review is the same as to consolidate the building, while it is not to repair the collapsed building. Just as the English proverb says that: “A stitch in time saves nine.” it means one stitch in time saves nine stitches.
① The Integrating and Departing Review
Many people may say:“I trap in the strange circle of memorization and forgetting”. Actually, whether we can turn short-term memorization into long-term memorization depends on the strength and frequency of outside stimulations andalso relies on the information stored in short-term memorization. Psychologists still found that the processes of this transformation involved the capacity of man’s recognition which includes capacity of integration (finding the same attributions), capacity of distinction (finding the differences), forming concepts (concluding the distributions) and association. The application of these four aspects would strengthen the intensity of information and also give the impetus to the transformation.
First, let’s see very interesting psychological experiment--- There were two group of students who learned 18 words respectively, the first group learnt 18 words which are all new to them, while the second group learn 9 words which are familiar to them, but 9 words are new to them, then, ask them to write down the words by themselves, can you evaluate which group is better one?
If repeating the words can make further impressions, so there’s no doubt that second group would be better, because among these Words, half of them they had learnt before, now ,they only needed to memorize the new half, but as a matter of fact, the first group are better, because according to the view of proceeding information, the original old words already had some associations, forming integration, when adding the other 9words the learners need to break the old connections to build new associations in 18 words, thus ,the efficiency of the first group is better than that one of the second group.
② Concentrating and Detracting Strategies
There are many psychological experiment proved that the distracting strategy is better than concentrating strategy. In order to explain this conclusion clearly, one of the psychologists set a good example--if we want to paint our furniture, we should paint for in the first time until it is dry , then paint the second time, some people without experience would want to complete the task justonly for the first time, in this way they may fail to paint the surface smoothly. In the same theory, neural system accepts the stimulation which will be turned into trails that also needs a period of time to consolidate. Concentrating review leading to bad results may be because of having not waited for the consolidation of former trails, while the new trails are added, so there is no time to enhance the trails. When the Chinese famous artist Feng Zikai learnt the English, he applied the distracting strategy: When he began to study English, he required himself to recite every passage with 22 times, there is the table as follow:
Thefirsttext The secondtext The third text The fourth textOn the first dayten On the second day fiveten On the third dayfive five ten On the fourth daytwo five five ten But in this process, in order to achieve better consequences, we should apply scientifical individual memorizing methods as common as possible. We know Ebbinghaus’s curve law is suitable for the mass who posses the same attributions , but individual may have different physiological traits ,and life experiences lead to different memorizing habits ,memorizing methods ,and memorizing traits ,so the memorizing laws embodies the different forms on individuals. We should combine the scientific memorizing with personal characteristics. Firstly , on the distribution of time ,generally speaking ,the most proper memorizing time is nine to eleven on P.M, three to four on A.M.,and seven to ten at night ,but actually many people find it much better on the morning or at middle night when environment is very quiet practically. On the long term of study, we should gradually grope for our best memorizing time in order to make full use of it. Secondly, the emotional factors also give much effecton study ,many students feel distress when studying,th-
ough given much pressure ,they gain the limiting efficiency .If our brains always stay in the contradictionary states,so no matter how hard can we give much pressure on ourselves,it will keep low efficiency. Sometimes reading humorous English jokes and pondering proper vocabulary usage, you will feel that they are much more helpful.
All in all, to alternate work and rest and keeping optimistic attitude will increase the efficiency of our brains.
③ Strategy of Trying to Recollect
In many schools, the teachers may ask students to recite the English text, while the students may read the text time and time again till reciting out. This method is very mechanical and passive. Actually, before we recite the passages, we could read the material several times, then closing the book, trying to recite, if you couldn’t recite at all then open the book. To this strategy is a kind of active memorizing process. It would improve the learners’ activity and searching spirits, more over, it makes the learners know where it still needs to strengthen, apparently, it helps the learners save amounts of time in the long run and prevent cramming.
Conclusion
In this thesis, I just mention a common method, which isrelied on my own learning English experiences . In my opinion, to be successful in one’s English, the following principal should be borne in mind-they are good study method, perseverance, and full concentration, we could express it in the famous format, that’s ,success equals good study plusing perseverance.
What I have mentioned above is just an ice corner of Iceland. Learning English vocabulary has no fixed model; we could use various kinds of strategies only if we could memorize the words efficiently and firmly if the same group of words is given to students, perhaps they could get same consequences obviously, but go through different memorizing processes owing to we having different characteristics and life experiences.
Above all, if the readers could absorb and use whatever the points I mentioned, I will be very grateful.
Bibliography
［1］李富宁：《英语的习语》，上海外国语学院《外国语》1979年第4期。
［2］李明，周敬华：《双语词典编纂》，上海外语教育出版社。
［3］赵世开：（2001）《论语言和语言学习》，北京第二外国语学院 学报《学丛》第2期。
［4］靳梅琳：《大学英语-词汇与语义教程》，北京航空航天大学出版社1999年版。
［5］林承璋，刘世平：《英语词汇学引论》，武汉大学出版社2004年版。