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动结式结构作为一种汉语语法结构,是对外汉语教学的难点。本文选择“V掉”为代表的动结式,考察英语母语的学生学习这一结构时的偏误,并给出教学建议,借此管窥动补结构的教学。我们先将“V掉”按意义分为四类,分别与英语中的相应表达进行对比,根据汉英差异,初步预测英语母语的学生在学习“V掉”时可能会产生的偏误,例如遗漏补语“掉”、遗漏“V掉”中的前动词、宾语位置错序等。同时,设计问卷调查,收集母语为英语的学生使用“V掉”的实际偏误。通过对比分析和偏误分析找出英语对学生学习“V掉”动结式的干扰和学生出现偏误的根源,并在此基础上提出教学建议。我们认为,英汉“补语”实质差异非常大,不宜直接介绍这一语法概念,可以试着将动结式作为一个词汇整体引入,这样有助于提高学习效果。
As a kind of Chinese grammatical structure, the moving-knot structure is a difficult point in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. In this paper, the author chooses the “V-off” as the representative of the moving-style, examines the English native speakers of this structure errors, and gives teaching suggestions, to take a peek at the dynamic complement structure of teaching. According to the difference between Chinese and English, we can predict the students who have native English speakers may learn when they learn “V ” Errors, such as missing complement “off ”, omission “V off ” in the former verb, object position wrong order. In the meantime, a questionnaire was designed to collect the actual errors of “V off” for students whose native language is English. Through comparative analysis and error analysis, this paper finds out the root causes of English “V V” movement disturbance and students’ errors, and puts forward teaching suggestions on the basis of this. In our opinion, the essential differences between English and Chinese “complement ” are very large. We should not directly introduce the concept of grammar. We can try to introduce the verbally conjuncture as a whole, so as to help improve the learning effect.