The structure and magnetic properties of Y2Fe16Al compound have been investigated by means of x-ray diffraction and magnetization measurements. The Y2Fe16Al compound has a hexagonal Th2Ni17-type structure. Negative thermal expansion was found in Y2Fe16Al compound in the temperature range from 332 to 438K by x-ray dilatometry. The coefficient of the average thermal expansion is α = -3.4 × 10-5K-1. The spontaneous magnetostrictive deformations from 293 to 427K have been calculated based on the differences between the experimental values of the lattice parameters and the corresponding values extrapolated from the paramagnetic range. The result shows that the spontaneous volume magnetostrictive deformation ωs decreases from 5.4× 10-3 to near zero with temperature increasing from 293 to 427K,the spontaneous linear magnetostrictive deformation λc along the c axis is much larger than the spontaneous linear magnetostrictive deformation λa in basal-plane in the same temperature range except near 427K.