关中盆地6000~2100cal.aB.P. 期间黍、粟农业的植硅体证据

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黍、粟是我国北方两种重要的旱作农作物,对中华文明起源和发展产生过重要的影响.长期以来由于受到考古样品保存及研究方法的限制,早期考古发掘报道的我国关中盆地新石器遗存的农作物多是以粟为主或粟、黍不分,统称粟类作物,缺少对该区新石器时期粟、黍农业状况的深入研究.本文利用植硅体方法,分别对现代黍、粟和水稻种子的植硅体产量以及关中盆地新石器考古样品中的植硅体进行分析.结果表明,等重量的黍、粟种子稃片的植硅体产量基本相等,其植硅体含量所反映的是黍、粟的相对产量(重量);水稻双峰型植硅体的百分含量比水稻实际含量相对偏低.关中盆地泉护、杨官寨、浒西庄、案板、王家嘴,水沟等6个考古遗址17个~(14)C年龄和47个植硅体样品分析结果显示,约 6000~2100cal.aB.P.期间,关中盆地黍子的植硅体含量一直占优势(3.4% ~34.5% ),粟次之(0~6.2% ),即使在气候相对暖湿的阶段,黍的产量仍超过粟.泉护、杨官寨、浒西庄,案板等遗址的个别样品中保存水稻植硅体.这些结果为重新认识关中地区新石器时期农业生产与社会经济形态以及与气候环境条件的关系提供了新的参考资料.
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