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由于地震灾害的影响,冰湖上游的冰滑坡、冰崩、滑坡、泥石流会进入湖泊,通过冲击波或抬高水位,造成冰川坝或冰碛坝突然垮塌导致冰湖迅速排水而形成洪水或洪水泥石流.首先基于Landsat8遥感影像通过人工目视解译的方法构建尼泊尔2015年4月25日地震震前冰湖数据,为我国和尼泊尔的抗震救灾提供重要的数据支撑.然后利用历史遥感数据解译获取研究区2015年以前的历史冰湖数据,对历史冰湖数据和2015年的冰湖数据进行地理空间分析,计算其面积变化和长度变化.最后结合尼泊尔2015年4月25日地震峰值地面加速度数据通过空间分析识别地震影响区的潜在危险冰湖.研究表明:研究区面积>0.02 km~2的冰湖有1 847个,面积263.18 km~2,其中快速变化冰湖87个,位于地震影响区的潜在危险冰湖49个,应重点关注潜在危险冰湖.
Due to the earthquake disaster, ice landslides, ice landslides, landslides and mudslides in the upper reaches of the glacial lake will enter the lake and cause sudden glacial or ice dam drainage due to sudden collapse of glacier or moraine dam through shock wave or elevation First, based on the Landsat8 remote sensing imagery, artificial glacial interpretation method was used to construct the glacier data of Nepal before the earthquake on April 25, 2015, which provided important data support for earthquake relief in our country and Nepal.And then, historical remote sensing data was used to interpret and obtain Geo-spatial analysis of historical ice-lake data and glacial lake data of 2015 before the year of 2015 in the study area to calculate the change of area and length of the ice-lake data.Finally, based on the peak ground acceleration data of April 25, 2015 in Nepal Through the spatial analysis, it is possible to identify the potentially dangerous glacial lakes in the area affected by the earthquake.The study shows that there are 1 847 glacial lakes with an area of 263.18 km ~ 2, of which 87 are rapidly changing ice lakes located in the earthquake affected area 49 potentially dangerous ice lakes, with a focus on potentially dangerous ice lakes.