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本文通过建立的经济模型对大学生就业市场进行两种经济学解释,即“价格刚性”解释和“价格机制有效”解释,并通过对清华大学、北京航空航天大学、北京理工大学、北京交通大学四所院校进行问卷调查和走访,考察分析了究竟是哪一种经济学解释更适用于大学生就业市场。在就业市场上,市场调节不但是有效的,而且起主要作用。社会上普遍认为的大学生就业难问题并不是经济学角度的“失业”问题,且并非完全是高校扩招带来的直接后果。社会大众意义上的“就业难”与“失业”在经济学角度来看更多地是指“自愿性失业”和“职业搜索”过程中的“摩擦性失业”,这些可以通过市场调节、适当降低就业期望和完善就业信息系统得到解决。
In this paper, two kinds of economic explanations are given to the employment market of college graduates through the established economic model, that is, the explanation of “price rigidity” and the explanation of “effective price mechanism”. And through the analysis of Tsinghua University, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University The colleges and universities to conduct a survey and interview, study and analysis of what kind of economics is more suitable for interpretation of the employment market for college students. In the job market, market regulation is not only effective, but also plays a major role. It is generally considered that the problem of employment of undergraduates in society is not an issue of “unemployment” in the perspective of economics, and it is not entirely the direct consequence of the enrollment expansion in universities. In the perspective of economics, “difficult jobs” and “unemployment” in the sense of the community refer more to “frictional unemployment” in the process of “voluntary unemployment” and “job search”, which can be regulated by the market, appropriately Reduce employment expectations and improve employment information system be resolved.