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随着我国工业的快速发展,重金属、放射性金属污染变的尤为严重,这些金属一旦进入了土壤和水体中,将会对环境造成极大的破坏。它们可以在水体中被水生生物富集,也可以在土壤中被植物吸收,从而通过食物链的传递到人体中,对人的身体健康造成极大的危害。金属-有机骨架(metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)材料是一种比表面积大、孔隙度高、种类多样性、结构可调控等优点的化合物,已成为各学科的研究热点。但相对应用于储备气体来说,MOFs材料用于吸附有害金属的研究还是比较少的,尤其是应用于放射性金属的吸附研究。本文综述了近年来MOFs作为吸附有害金属材料的研究进展,对MOFs材料的合成方法、孔径结构、晶型结构及其对吸附有害金属的吸附条件做了深刻的剖析,并对MOFs材料用于吸附有毒有害金属的前景进行了展望,以期为MOFs材料吸附有害金属的应用提供一定的借鉴和参考。
With the rapid development of our country’s industry, the pollution of heavy metals and radioactive metals is particularly serious. Once these metals enter the soil and water, they will cause great damage to the environment. They can be aquatic organisms in aquatic organisms can also be absorbed in the soil by plants, which pass through the food chain into the body, causing great harm to human health. The metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are one of the most promising materials in the fields of large specific surface area, high porosity, variety of species, and structural control. However, relative to the use of reserve gas, MOFs materials for the adsorption of harmful metals research is still relatively small, especially for the study of adsorption of radioactive metals. In this paper, the recent progress of MOFs as adsorptive harmful metal materials is summarized. The synthesis methods, pore structure, crystal structure and adsorption conditions of MOFs on MOFs are reviewed. The MOFs are used for adsorption The prospect of poisonous and harmful metals is prospected in order to provide some reference for the application of MOFs to adsorb harmful metals.