肺部感染是临床上最常见的疾病之一,居各种致死病因中的第5位。明确的病原学诊断对于改善预后,合理地使用抗生素具有重大意义。临床上肺炎的诊断常较容易,但却难以判断病原体的性质,特别对在体外生长较为困难的病原体尚无理想的检测手段。聚合酶链反应[Poly-merase Chain Reaction,PCR]技术的出现,为从临床标本作出病原学诊断提供了广阔的前景,特别对检出目前尚难培养的微生物尤有价值。本文重点综述PCR技术在检测肺部感染病原微生物上的应用. Pulmonary infection is one of the most common clinical diseases, ranking No. 5 in various causes of death. Clear etiological diagnosis for improving the prognosis, the rational use of antibiotics is of great significance. Clinically, the diagnosis of pneumonia is often easier, but it is difficult to judge the nature of pathogens, especially for pathogens that are more difficult to grow in vitro there is no ideal means of detection. The emergence of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology has provided broad prospects for the etiological diagnosis of clinical specimens, especially for the detection of microorganisms which are hard to be cultivated at present. This article focuses on the application of PCR technology in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms in lung infections.