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人脐带间充质干细胞是一类具有自我更新、增殖和多向分化潜能的干细胞,具有来源广泛、易于采集、保存和运输、无异体排斥、避免伦理争议等诸多优点。流式细胞仪分析发现人脐带间充质干细胞高表达间质细胞标志(CD44、CD105)、整合素受体(CD29、CD49b、CD49c、CD51),不表达造血系标志(CD34、CD45)人白细胞抗原HLA-DR和内皮细胞标志CD31。人脐带间充质干细胞在体内外可以分化为骨细胞、软骨细胞、肝细胞、心肌细胞、骨骼肌细胞以及神经元细胞等。目前人脐带间充质干细胞在组织工程骨、人工血管以及基因治疗等临床应用研究中已逐渐深入,并已显示出广阔的应用前景。本文就人脐带间充质干细胞的生物学特性及其在组织工程中的研究作一综述。
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells are a kind of stem cells with the potential of self-renewal, proliferation and multidirectional differentiation. They have many advantages such as wide source, easy collection, preservation and transportation, no allograft rejection and ethical dispute avoidance. Flow cytometry analysis showed that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells express high levels of mesenchymal cells markers (CD44, CD105), integrin receptors (CD29, CD49b, CD49c, CD51), do not express hematopoietic lineage markers (CD34, CD45) Antigen HLA-DR and endothelial cell marker CD31. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes, hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscle cells and neuronal cells in vitro and in vivo. At present, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have been gradually studied in clinical application such as tissue engineering bone, artificial blood vessel and gene therapy, and have shown broad application prospects. This review summarizes the biological characteristics of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and their applications in tissue engineering.