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目的:总结新生儿窒息的原因,为预防其发生提供经验。方法:对2004~2008年的148例新生儿窒息病例进行回顾性分析。结果:新生儿窒息与分娩方式有关。产钳助产、臀助产或牵引新生儿窒息发生率显著增高,有统计学差异(P<0.001);剖宫产新生儿窒息发生率无显著增加。早产儿、过期产儿窒息发生率远远高于足月儿,有统计学差异(P<0.001)。发生新生儿窒息原因前4位者为:胎儿宫内窘迫、脐带因素、剖宫产取胎困难和宫缩乏力。结论:阴道助产、臀助产或牵引、早产或过期产新生儿窒息发生率高。加强围产保健,预防早产或过期产,严密监测产程,及早发现胎儿宫内窘迫,降低阴道助产,加强剖宫产手术技巧,可降低新生儿窒息发生率。
Objective: To summarize the causes of neonatal asphyxia and provide experience to prevent its occurrence. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 148 cases of neonatal asphyxia between 2004 and 2008 was conducted. Results: Neonatal asphyxia was associated with mode of delivery. Obstetric forceps, buttocks or traction of neonatal asphyxia significantly increased the incidence (P <0.001); cesarean birth rate of neonatal asphyxia no significant increase. The incidence of asphyxia in premature infants and expired children was significantly higher than that in term infants (P <0.001). The first four causes of neonatal asphyxia were fetal distress, umbilical cord factors, difficulty in obtaining cesarean section, and uterine atony. Conclusions: The incidence of asphyxia during vaginal delivery, buttock delivery or hindlimb, premature birth or overdue birth is high. Strengthen perinatal care, prevent premature birth or outdated production, close monitoring of labor, early detection of fetal distress, reduce vaginal delivery, and strengthen cesarean section surgical techniques, can reduce the incidence of neonatal asphyxia.