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于2010和2011年在太湖流域开展了为期2年的田间定位试验,对2种灌溉模式(常规连续淹灌与干湿交替节灌)和4种施肥管理(不施氮、常规尿素、控释BB肥与树脂包膜尿素)条件下稻田田面水和渗漏水总磷(TP)、溶解态磷(DP)和颗粒态磷(PP)浓度的动态变化及磷素径流和渗漏损失进行了研究.结果表明:田面水TP和DP浓度变化趋势相同,均在施肥后1 d达到最高值,之后急剧下降;渗漏水TP和DP浓度变化趋势也相同,均在施肥后7 d达到最高值,然后逐渐下降.PP是田面水磷素的主要形态,DP是渗漏水磷素的主要形态.节灌降低了田面水和渗漏水磷浓度但对DP/TP影响不大,同时降低了TP径流流失量(24.7%~57.4%)和渗漏淋失量(21.0%~25.3%).施氮增加了田面水和渗漏水的磷浓度,也导致了更高的TP径流和渗漏损失.与常规尿素相比,控释BB肥提高了田面水和渗漏水的磷浓度及TP损失量,而树脂包膜尿素降低了田面水和渗漏水的磷浓度和TP损失量.综上,干湿交替节灌结合树脂包膜尿素施用能有效降低稻田磷素径流和渗漏损失,削减农业面源污染.
In 2010 and 2011, a 2-year field experiment was conducted in the Taihu Lake basin. The effects of two irrigation modes (conventional continuous submerged irrigation and alternate wetting and drying) and four fertilization treatments (no nitrogen, conventional urea, controlled release BB fertilizers and resin-coated urea), dynamic changes of total phosphorus (TP), dissolved phosphorus (DP) and particulate phosphorus (P P) concentrations and phosphorus runoff and leakage loss The results showed that the TP and DP concentrations of paddy water had the same trends and all reached the highest values on the 1st day after fertilization and then dropped sharply.The trends of TP and DP concentrations in leachate were also the same and all reached the maximum value on the 7th day after fertilization , And then decreased gradually.PPP was the main form of phosphorus in field water and DP was the main form of phosphorus in leachate.Flooding reduced the concentration of phosphorus in surface water and leachate but had little effect on DP / TP runoff (24.7% -57.4%) and leachate leakage (21.0% -25.3%). Nitrogen fertilization increased phosphorus concentrations in both surface water and leachate, resulting in higher TP runoff and leakage Loss compared with conventional urea, controlled release BB fertilizer increased surface water and leachate phosphorus concentration and TP loss, and resin coated urea decreased The phosphorus concentration and TP loss of surface water and leaking water.In summary, alternating wetting and drying combined with resin-coated urea can effectively reduce the phosphorus runoff and seepage loss in paddy field and reduce agricultural non-point source pollution.